2010—2012年深圳市龙岗区流感病原学监测分析

目的分析2010-2012年深圳市龙岗区流感流行特点和流感病毒优势株的情况。方法对区内监测哨点流感标本进行狗肾传代细胞（MDCK）病毒分离与血凝试验鉴定，描述性分析区内流感的流行情况。选取B型流感优势病毒株进行RT-PCR扩增HA1片段并测序。测序结果与WHO流感疫苗株进行同源性比对，绘制系统发生树。结果2010—2012年共采集流感样病例咽拭子1014份，流感病毒分离率为30．6％（310／1014），其中新甲型H1N1亚型80株（25．8％），季节性H1N1亚型I株（0．3％），季节性H3N2亚型85株（27．5％），B型流感Victoria亚型138株（44．5％），Yamagata亚型6株（1．9％）。不同年龄组病毒阳性率差异有统计学意义（X^2=21．194，P〈0．05），以25-岁年龄组阳性率（35．5％）最高。2010—2012年龙岗区流感优势流行株依次为B型流感Victoria型、新甲H1N1型、甲型H3N2型。系统进化树显示2013年WHO推荐流感疫苗与本区流感病毒同处一个分支。结论龙岗区同时存在多种流感病毒交替流行现象，但新预测流感疫苗可有效覆盖本区流感病毒。

Analysis on the influenza surveillance in Longgang district of Shenzhen during 2010-2012

Objective To analyze the prevalence of influenza in Longgang district of Shenzhen during 2010-2012. Methods Samples from the sentinel surveillance hospitals within this district were collected for the isolation of influenza virus by Madin- Darby CanineKidney （MDCK） cell culture and identified by HA test. The despcriptive epidemiological method was applied to analyze the characteristics of influenza in Longgang district. HA1 regions of typical influenza B virus were amplified by RT- PCR and sequenced. The sequencing results were blasted with the influenza vaccine virus strains recommended by WHO and phylogenetic tree was drawn. Results A total of 1 014 swab samples of influenza-like-illness were collected. The isolation rate of influenza virus was 30.6% （310/1 014）. Eighty of them （25.8%） were new influenza A virus subtype H 1N 1, one was a seasonal H1N1,85 （27.5%） were seasonal H3N2, 138 （44.5%） were influenza B virus Victoria groups and six （1.9%） were influenza B virus Yamagata groups. The positive rate of virus had statistical difference among different age groups （X^2=21.194, P〈0.05 ）. The highest positive rate （35.5%） was in the age group of twenty-five. The predominant viruses in Longgang district during 2010-2012 were influenza B virus Victoria groups followed by new H1N1 and influenza A virus subtype H3N2. Phylogenetic tree showed that the influenza virus from this district was the same branch as the 2012 influenza vaccine virus strain recommended by WHO. Conclusion The alternative epidemic of influenza virus is present in this district. The new influenza vaccine is probably have protective effect to the influenza virus in this district.