如皋市极端长寿老人主观幸福感(SWB)与健康、家庭、经济因素的关联研究

 目的  探索极端长寿老人的主观幸福感与健康、家庭、经济因素的关系。方法  本研究是基于如皋长寿跟踪调查463例极端长寿老人(≥95岁)的横断面调查。主观幸福感(subjective well-being,SWB)通过生活满意度(life satisfaction,LS)、 积极情感(positive affect,PA)、 消极情感(negative affect,NA)和情感平衡(affect balance,AB) 4个组分进行测量。相关因素包括:健康状况(自报健康、功能活动),家庭和谐,经济因素(家庭年均支出、人均住房面积)。数据分析采用相关分析和层级回归分析方法。结果  相关分析结果显示,与极端长寿老人SWB四组分相关的因素由强到弱依次为:功能活动(r=0.350,0.267,-0.192和0.303)、自报健康(r=0.340,0.257,-0.205和0.305)和家庭和谐(r=0.276,0.205,-0.089和0.192);然而经济因素中仅住房面积与LS微弱相关(r=0.104)。层级回归结果显示,健康状况加入模型后(模型1),SWB 4个组分LS、PA、NA和AB的可决系数R2 均发生了显著的增加(ΔR2=0.163,0.094,0.060和0.133,P<0.05),家庭和谐加入模型后(模型2),SWB 4个组分除了NA的可决系数R2不显著增加外,其余均显著增加(ΔR2=0.039,0.022和0.015,P<0.05),且经济因素加入模型后(模型3),可决系数无显著变化。影响因素按照影响程度大小排序分别为:功能活动(β=0.229,0.184,-0.146和0.218)、自报健康(β=0.211,0.159,-0.140和0.198)和家庭和谐(β=0.209,0.150,-0.041和0.125),经济因素无显著影响。结论  如皋市极端长寿老人的SWB与健康状况和家庭和谐相关,而不受经济因素的显著影响。因此,提高长寿老人的主观幸福感应以提高其功能活动和促进健康为重点,辅以关注其家庭和谐,而不是过于关注经济因素。

Association between subjective well-being (SWB) and health,family and economy related factors in the elderly with exceptional longevity in Rugao,China

Objective  To explore the associations between subjective well-being (SWB) and health,family and economy related factors in the elderly with exceptional longevity (EL) above 95 years old. Methods  This study included 463 EL elderly people (≥95 yerars old) from the cross-sectional phase of Rugao longevity cohort of China. SWB was measured by life satisfaction (LS),positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA) and affect balance (AB) .The influence factors included:health status (self-reported health,functional capacity), family harmony and economy related factors (annual household expenditures,house size per capita). Data was analyzed by correlation analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results  Correlation analysis showed that the relevant influential factors of all the four components of SWB from strong to weak were:functional capacity (r=0.350,0.267,-0.192 and 0.303,respectively), self-reported health (r=0.340,0.257,-0.205 and 0.305,respectively)and family harmony (r=0.276,0.205,-0.089 and 0.192,respectively), while only house size per capita of economy related factors showed very weak correlation with LS (r=0.104). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that,after adding health status (self-reported health,functional capacity) to model (model 1), the R-squared of four SWB components were significantly improved (ΔR2 =0.163,0.094,0.060 and 0.133,P<0.05). After adding family harmony to model (model 2), the R-squared of four SWB components (except NA) were significantly improved (ΔR2=0.039,0.022 and 0.015). However,after adding economy related factors to model (model 3), there were no significant R-squared change of the four SWB components.The magnitude of influence ranked as follow: functional capacity (β=0.229,0.184,-0.146 and 0.218), self-reported health (β=0.211,0.159,-0.140 and 0.198) and family harmony (β=0.209,0.150,-0.041 and 0.125), however there was no significant influences for economy related factors. Conclusions  The SWB of the elderly with EL in Rugao was mainly associated with health status and family harmony rather than economy related factors. Therefore, we should focus on promoting their functional capacity and health, coupled with family harmony rather than economy related factors, so as to improve the SWB of the elderly with EL in Rugao.