德宏州狂犬病自然疫源地及防治对策的研究

目的研究德宏州狂犬病自然疫源地性质、结构、范围、流行特征及态势,为制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法统计分析动物和人间狂犬病例发生时间、空间、人间分布特征,以及伤口处理、疫苗接种、犬类管理及疫情应急处理等防治措施。结果全州4年中犬伤14093人,在18个乡镇40个自然村发现流浪病犬45条,确诊狂犬病17例,病原体为狂犬病毒Ⅰ型;动物和人间病例全年散在发生;农民多发;发病年龄4～76岁;潜伏期平均80.5天;具有狂犬病的特有症状;病程平均4天;传染源均为家养犬类,多因被犬伤后未采取预防措施而发病。结论德宏州是狂犬病自然疫源地,宿主是家犬,通过犬伤人造成传播,人群普遍易感,与东南亚国家同属一块狂犬病自然疫源地。发生狂犬病流行因素普遍存在,疫情态势严峻。要建立可持续控制狂犬病的运行机制,强化宣传、监测、免疫、管理等预防措施,多部门协作做好防制工作。

A Study on the Origin Areas of Hydrophobia in Dehong Prefecture

Objectiveto study and analyze the nature,structure and scope of the source areas of hydrophobia as well as its characteristics and situation so as to provide a scientific basis for working out prevention and cure measures.Methodscounting and analising the time,place and distribution characteristics of hydrophobia cases as well as the prevention and cure measures concerning wounds,rabies vaccines,management of dogs and emergency measures. ResultsDuring the last four years in the whole Dehong Prefecture there are 45 street dogs in the 40 villages within 18 towns/ townships and there are 14093 persons bitten by dogs,of which 17 cases are diagnosed as hydrophobia ,all their causative agents being the rabies virus I; hydrophobia can be seen both among people and animals,mostly among the villagers; the victims are between the ages of 4～76;the concealment period is usually 80.5 days;all the cases show partitular features of hydrophobia; the average time of the cure is 4 days; they are all bitten by home-raised dogs and most victims fall ill due to lack of proper prevention and cure measures after being wounded.ConclusionDehong is one part of the wider origin areas of hydrophobia in southeastern countries. The parasitifiers are home-raised dogs. The cause of the hydrophobia is seen in most villages,and the epidemic situation is serious. Therefore,various departments concerned should cooperate to achieve better results by establishing operation mechanism that can control hydrophobia situation sustainably as well as by strengthening and intensifying such prevention and cure measures as propaganda,monitoring,immunity and management.