长期舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂治疗儿童支气管哮喘的有效性和安全性评价

目的：观察长期舌下含服标准化粉尘螨滴剂治疗儿童支气管哮喘的有效性和安全
性，为儿童支气管哮喘的治疗提供一种安全、有效的方法。方法：采用随机对照研究方法，
将本院哮喘专科诊治的对粉尘螨过敏的4～14岁轻-中度哮喘患儿分为治疗组（64例）和对
照组（64例）。对照组患儿仅接受对症药物治疗，治疗组患儿在此基础上联合粉尘螨滴剂舌
下含服进行特异性免疫治疗，在治疗后的6个月、1年及2年进行随访评估。对2组患儿治疗前、后的哮喘
症状进行评分，并对呼气峰流速值占正常预计值的百分比(PEF％)进行统计学分析比较。结果：在128例研究对象中，治疗组有5例病例脱失。治疗组患儿在治疗第6个月、1年和2年的哮喘症状评分较对照组各阶段症状评分均有所下降，差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗组患儿在治疗第6个月、1年、2年时间段的PEF％较对照组各阶段均明显升高(P<0.05)。免疫治疗中少数患儿出现过轻微反应，均未出现严重的不良反应。结论：长期舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂能明显改善哮喘患儿的症状及肺功能，不良反应发生率低且轻微，是一种治疗儿童支气管哮喘安全、有效的方法。

Clinical efficacy and safety of long-term sublingual immunotherapy with standardized dermatophagoides farinae drops in children with bronchial asthma

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of long-term sublingual immunotherapy with dermatophagoides farinae drops in children with bronchial asthma and to provide a safe and effective method to treat bronchial asthma in children.Methods A two-year randomized and parallel-controlled study was conducted in 128 children(aged 4-14 years) with mild to moderate asthma symptoms.The patients were randomly assigned to treatment group and control group(n=64).The patients in treatment group were treated with sublingual immunotherapy(SLIT) with dermatophagoides farinae drops.The patients in control group were treated according the manufacturer' s instructions.The clinical efficacy was evaluated by monthly follow-up visits.After treatment for 6 months,1 year and 2 years using dermatophagoides farinae drops,the asthma symptom scores and PEF% were evaluated.Results Of the 128 children,5 cases dropped out before the study completion.After 6 months,1 year and 2 years of treatment,the allergic asthma symptom scores of the patients in treatment group were significantly decreased compared with control group(P<0.05).After 6 months,1 year and 2 years of treatment,the PEF% of the patients in treatment group were singnificantly increased compared with control group(P<0.05).There were no severe adverse events during the course of immunotherapy,except for mild reactions.Conclusion Long-term sublingual immunotherapy with dermatophagoides farinae drops can significantly improve symptoms and lung function in children with asthma,and lower the incidence of adverse reactions,so it is effective and safe in the treatment of children with bronchial asthma.