优化长距离高压超导体电缆系统的措施（译文）

高温超导（High temperature superconductor HTS）的特性，对大量电力传输是一项具有十分吸引力的技术。应用此项技术的优点包括：用较低的电压水平传输更大功率，能耗损失很低，故障电流限制（fault-current limitation(FCL)）和对其他的基础设施无负面的热力影响。此外，HTS技术是一项十分环保的技术。除了能耗低外，HTS只产生十分微弱的电磁辐射，而且不会泄露SF6及油类等有害物质。 虽然具有上述许多优点，但HTS系统仍不能在电力系统中广泛使用。其中一个主要原因是冷却系统受到限制。迄今为止，HTS 电缆只能应用到几百米的长度。最新的技术进步使HTS技术有可能突破电缆和冷却系统。感谢约两年前这个新的突破，使HTS电缆有可能安装在一个长距离的系统。本文章着重介绍长距离电缆冷却系统的进步。 由于技术上的优点，长距离HTS电缆能十分有效地解决网络上的“瓶颈”问题。这使到HTS技术对供电企业具有很大的吸引力。可预见到长距离HTS电缆很有机会能解决将来的挑战，例如：由于电力需求的增加，对电网要传输更多的电力；汇集和积累大量再生能源，如水电、风能、生物能、地热发电站、蓝色能源及波浪能源等。 荷兰企业Nuon（新技术公司）与nkt电缆公司合作，用一条长距离的HTS 电缆，来加强阿姆斯特丹市的骨干电网。对一条现有6公里长的高压回路进行改造，更换了一条150千伏气体压力电缆，代之以50千伏HTS电缆。从而使输电容量由100兆伏安提升至250兆伏安。在这个工程项目，只能容许从两端的变电站设置冷却系统，这就是新开发的闭合式环流冷却系统。

Optimizing Cable Layout for Long Length Hinh Temperature Superconducting Cable System

The characteristics of HTS technology make this technology very attractive for high power transport.The advantages to be enjoyed by applying this technology are:transport of much more power at a lower voltage level,very low energy losses,fault-current limitation(FCL) and no negative thermal influence on other infrastructures.Besides that, HTS technology is a very environmentally friendly technology.In addition to the low energy losses HTS produces also very low EM-emissions and there is no risk of leakage of harmful materials,like SF6 or oil. Despite those advantages,HTS systems still do not play a significant role in electrical power systems.One of the main reasons is limitations in the cooling systems.Until now,HTS cable are barely some hundreds of meters long.The last technical progress made in HTS technology makes it possible to provide a breakthrough in the cable and cooling design.Thanks to this breakthrough it becomes feasible to install a long length system in a time frame of just a couple of years.The progress to be made in the cooling of a long-length cable will be described in this paper. Due to the technical advantages,long-length HTS cables can solve grid bottlenecks in a very efficient way.This will make the HTS technology very attractive for the utilities.Opportunities are foreseen for the long length HTS cables as a technology to solve future challenges such as the following:larger transfer of electric energy over the grids due to an increase of the electricity consumption;integration of large-scale renewable sources like hydro power,wind parks,bio-mass,geo-thermal plants,blue energy and wave energy. The Dutch utility Nuon is working together with nkt cables on a long length HTS cable to strengthen the backbone grid of the City of Amsterdam.An existing high voltage circuit from 6 km length will be retrofitted by replacing the 150 kV Gas Pressure Cable with a 50 kV HTS cable.This will result in an upgrade of the capacity of the cable from 100 MVA to 250 MVA.For this project,cooling systems are allowed only at both substations.A closed loop cooling system will be developed for this project.