232户新装修居室空气污染状况及对居民健康的影响

目的调查装修居室室内空气污染状况和动态变化规律与对人体健康的影响。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法对按完成室内装修的时间(超过30 d,不满2年)分成四组进行室内空气质量检测,采用中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所统一设计的《室内环境与居民健康调查表》对被选定的232户住宅中476名长住成人进行现场问卷调查。结果甲醛浓度在装修入住2个月至6个月超标最为严重(P<0.01),以后逐步下降;总挥发性有机物随时间变化超标率逐步下降(P<0.01)。甲醛暴露量与中枢神经系统反应,眼、鼻、喉刺激症状和皮肤过敏反应的发生有关联;随着装修完成时间的延长,居民发生不适症状的相对危险性降低(P<0.01)。结论新装居室室内空气污染严重,对人群健康存在一定的危害。

Investigation of Indoor Air Quality and Health Effects in Newly Decorated Residences

Objective To investigate indoor air quality in the residences which underwent interior decoration,and to explore its dynamic change trend and impact on health.Methods Decorated houses from 2 months to 24 months were recruited with the method of cluster random sampling.The following indicators were examined:formaldehyde,total volatile organic compounds(TVOC),and CO2.Households were interviewed with a survey questionnaire.Results Formaldehyde was over National standard seriously in the decorated dwellings during 2 months and 6 months,and it showed significant difference(P<0.01)among different groups.The over-standard rate for formaldehyde was decreased gradually with lived time extending.However,the concentration level of HCHO was still high.The over-standard rate for total volatile organic compounds(TVOC)was dropped gradually with lived time extending and it showed statistically significance(P<0.01).Formaldehyde exposure was related with the central nervous system reactions,the irritation symptoms of eyes,noses and throat and the skin allergic reactions in newly decorated houses.The risks of inhabitants was diminished with a longer time of decoration,and it had statistically significance(P<0.01).Conclusion The main indoor air pollution caused by newly decoration in residence is very serious,and have a serious impact on people' health.