糖尿病大鼠视网膜细胞凋亡和Na~+、K~+含量变化的实验研究

目的　观察糖尿病大鼠视网膜组织中细胞凋亡量的变化。方法　将 40只Wistar大鼠随机分成实验组和对照组 ,每组 2 0只。实验组用链脲佐菌素 (Streptozocin ,STZ)诱发糖尿病。并在糖尿病发病后分别于第 4、6、12、16周检测视网膜细胞凋亡和视网膜组织中Na+ 、K+ 浓度的变化 ;对照组单纯用等量柠檬酸盐缓冲液注射。对两组空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白 (AbA1c)及糖尿病病程进行相关性分析。结果　实验组视网膜细胞溶解液中在发病后 4周可测到细胞凋亡 ,且随糖尿病病程的延长凋亡程度逐渐加重 ;视网膜组织内Na+ 浓度增加、K+ 浓度明显减少 (P <0 .0 1或 0 .0 5 )。实验组视网膜细胞凋亡的程度与FBG浓度、AbA1c水平、视网膜内Na+ 含量及糖尿病病程呈正相关 (γ分别为 7.5 84,7.844 ,7.3 69,6.2 46,P均 <0 .0 0 1) ;而与视网膜内K+ 含量呈高度负相关 (r =-7.65 8,P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　糖尿病大鼠视网膜中存在细胞凋亡和Na、K离子含量的异常 ,这些变化是糖尿病视网膜病变的病理基础之一。

The experimental study on apoptosis and changing in content of Na+ , K+ in retina of diabetic rats

Objective To observe the changing of apoptosis quantity in retinal tissues of diabetic rats. Methods 40 Wistar rats were allocated to two groups: an experiment group and a control group,n=20,respectively. The rats in the experiment group were induced to develop diabetes by streptozocin. The apoptosis quantity in retinal cells of diabetic rats were detected by an ELISA method,and the content of Na +,K + in retina tissue were measured by an atomic absorption spectrophotometry technique 4,6,12 and 16 weeks after the attack of diabetes mellitus,respectively. The mice in the control group were injected with citrate buffer solution. The relation of the apoptosis quantity with levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG),hemoglobin glycosylation (HbA1c),the content of Na + and K + in retinal tissues,and the course of disease were also analyzed. Results The apoptosis in the retinal tissues of diabetic rats could be detected in the fourth week after the attack of diabetes. With the development of diabetic mellitus,the extent of apoptosis in retinal tissue was more serious. The content of Na + in retinal tissues increased whereas K + decreased (P<0.01 or 0.05). The changes of apoptosis are positively correlated with the changes of FBG,HbA1c,the content of Na + in retinal tissue,and the course of disease (γ were 7.584,7.844,7.369 and 6.246,respectively,all P<0.001);and they were negatively correlated with K + content (r=-7.658,P<0.001). Conclusion There are apoptosis and abnormal Na,K ion content in the retinal tissues of rats with diabetic mellitus. The changes may be one of the pathologic basis of diabetic retinopathy.