337名青春期学生体格发育及膳食营养现况分析

目的调查青春期男女学生体格发育及膳食营养现况。方法对337人(平均年龄13.6岁)开展现况调查,测量身高、体重,计算体质指数BMI,通过膳食问卷调查膳食热量及营养素摄入情况。结果男生的身高显著高于女生(P0.05),男、女生体重和BMI差异无统计学意义(P0.05);按照BMI标准判定,营养状况正常的学生比例为59.0%,男生营养状况正常的学生达到57.8%,女生为59.9%。男、女生营养状况是消瘦的分别为24.3%和26.3%;男、女生分别有17.9%和13.8%属于超重和肥胖。男生的总能量摄入量及三大营养素摄入量均显著高于女生(P0.01),女生能量和蛋白质摄入量均没有人达到RNI/AI值(推荐摄入量),男生蛋白质和总能量摄入量分别只有4.2%和1.8%的人达到RNI值。走读生的体重显著高于寄宿生(P0.05);走读生营养状况正常比例为63.1%,而寄宿生仅为53.9%;走读生的总能量摄入量及三大营养素摄入量均显著高于寄宿生(P0.05)。结论北京市青春期学生体格发育和营养素摄入情况不理想,体重不足、肥胖等现象仍然比较突出。

Study on the status of physical growth and dietary nutrition in 337 junior middle school students

Objective To understand the nutrition condition and physical development of junior middle school students in Huairou District, Beijing. Methods Three hundred and thirty seven middle school students with average age of 13.6 years were randomly chosen from two middle schools, the height, weight and Body Mass Index（BMI） of the students were measured. In addition, the dietary conditions of the students were surveyed with questionaire through 24-h recall method. Results The boy＇s height of the students was significantly higher than that of girls（P〈0.05）, but the weight and BMI showed no significant difference between male and female students（P〈0.05）. The proportion of students with normal nutritional status was 59.0%, being 57.8% for males and 59.9% for females. The proportions of malnutrition were 24.3% and 26.3% for males and female students, while that of overweight proportions were 17.9% and 13.8%.The gross energy intake and three major nutrients intake of boys was significantly higher than those of girls（P〈0.01）. Nobody among girls reached RNI values of energy and protein, only 4.2% and 1.8% boys reached RNI value of energy and protein. The weight of the non-resident students was significant higher than that of the resident students（P〈0.05）. The proportion of normal nutritional status among non-resident students was 63.1%, but that of resident students was only 53.9%（P〈0.05）. Conclusion The condition of the physical development and nutrition intake of the middle school students was not good, the problems, like underweight, obesity, are severe, and population difference exists.