肺泡灌洗液GeneXpert联合结核酶联免疫斑点试验、结核抗体对菌阴肺结核的诊断效能

目的 探究支气管肺泡灌洗液（bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, BALF）利福平耐药实时荧光定量核酸扩增检测技术（GeneXpert MTB/RIF）联合外周血结核酶联免疫斑点试验（T-SPOT）及结核抗体（TB-Ab）对菌阴肺结核的诊断效能。方法 回顾性分析中国科学技术大学附属第一医院2019年1月至2021年1月收治临床诊断菌阴肺结核患者114例、非结核性肺部其他疾病患者80例以及菌阳肺结核患者22例的临床资料,分析3组患者外周血T-SPOT、TB-Ab及BALF GeneXpert检测结果,对比3种检测方法的灵敏度、特异度、阴性预测值、阳性预测值、假阴性率、假阳性率以及约登指数等指标,对比3种方法单独检测与联合检测对菌阴肺结核的阳性检出率的差异,并作受试者工作曲线（ROC）,计算出曲线下面积（AUC）。结果 BALF GeneXpert、外周血T-SPOT和TB-Ab检测的灵敏度分别为66.91%、80.88%、90.44%;特异度分别为98.75%、73.75%、41.25%;诊断符合率分别为78.70%、78.24%、72.22%,均高于70.00%;在菌阴肺结核组中,这3种方法单项检测在菌阴肺结核组阳性检出率分别为63.15%、79.82%、90.35%,与非结核肺部疾病组相比,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）;3种方法联合检测在菌阴肺结核组中阳性检出率为96.49%,明显高于TB-GeneXpert法和T-SPOT,差异均有统计学意义（χ²=37.283,P<0.01;χ²=13.612,P<0.01）;联合检测在菌阴肺结核中约登指数明显高于单项检测,联合检测AUC为0.977,明显高于单项检测。结论 BALF GeneXpert 联合外周血T-SPOT、TB-Ab可显著提高菌阴肺结核诊断率,为指导临床治疗提供有力依据。

Clinical study of GeneXpert combined with T-SPOT and TB-Ab on bacterial-negative pulmonary tuberculosis

Objective To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of rifampin-resistant real-time fluorescent quantitative nucleic acid amplification detection technology (GeneXpert MTB/RIF) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) combined with peripheral blood tuberculosis infection T cell spot test (T-SPOT) and tuberculosis antibody (TB-Ab) in smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods The clinical data of 114 cases of clinically diagnosed smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis, 80 cases of non-tuberculous pulmonary diseases and 22 cases of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The detection results of peripheral blood T-SPOT, TB-Ab and BALF GeneXpert in the three groups were analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, false negative rate, false positive rate and Youden index of the three detection methods were compared. The differences in the positive detection rate of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis between the separate detection and the combined detection of the three methods were compared. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was performed to calculate the area under the curve (AUC). Results The sensitivity of BALF GeneXpert and peripheral blood T-SPOT and TB-Ab was 66.91%, 80.88% and 90.44%, respectively. The specificity was 98.75%, 73.75% and 41.25%, respectively; the diagnostic coincidence rates were 78.70%, 78.24% and 72.22%, respectively, which were higher than 70.00%. In the smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis group, the positive detection rates of these three methods in the smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis group were 63.15%, 79.82% and 90.35%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant compared with those in the non-tuberculosis pulmonary disease group (all P<0.01). The positive detection rate of the three combined methods in the smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis group was 96.49 %, which was significantly higher than that of TB-GeneXpert method and T-SPOT, and the differences were statistically significant (χ²=37.283, P<0.01; χ²=13.612, P<0.01); the Youden index of combined detection was significantly higher than that of single detection, and the AUC of combined detection was 0.977, which was significantly higher than that of single detection. Conclusion BALF GeneXpert combined with peripheral blood T-SPOT and TB-Ab can significantly improve the diagnostic rate of bacterial-negative pulmonary tuberculosis, providing a strong basis for guiding clinical treatment.