河南省焦作市2016—2020年病媒生物监测

目的 了解焦作市重要病媒生物种类构成、密度及其季节消长规律,为焦作市病媒传播性疾病预防和控制提供依据。方法 分别采用诱捕法、笼诱法、夹夜法和粘捕法对蚊、蝇、鼠、蟑的不同生境中监测。结果 2016—2020年焦作市共捕获雌蚊5 991只,各年蚊密度依次为2.52、5.40、3.59、2.89和5.69只/（灯·夜）,淡色库蚊占93.84%,为优势蚊种,蚊密度最高生境为公园,密度为24.4只/灯·夜,高峰期为7月;2016—2020年共捕获蝇类3 717只,平均密度为1.63、9.59、6.26、5.56和6.86只/笼,餐饮外环境蝇密度最高,家蝇为优势蝇种占比77.40%,高峰期在10月份;2016—2020年共捕获老鼠27只,鼠密度依次0.11、0.10、0.10、0.01和0.17只/百夹,褐家鼠占88.89%,为优势鼠种,鼠密度最高生境为农村自然村,鼠密度高峰期在4—10份; 2016—2020年共捕获蟑螂687只,蟑螂密度依次0.08、0.07、0.08、0.16和0.14只/张,其中德国小蠊为优势种,占比98.84%。农贸市场蟑螂密度最高,其次为餐饮店,蟑密度高峰期在11 月。结论 焦作市餐饮外环境与农贸市场蝇类、农村与公园蚊虫、农贸市场和餐饮店蟑螂、农村与城乡结合部老鼠的防制工作需进一步加强,应根本上消除媒介昆虫孳生地,控制媒介传染病的发生流行。

Analysis of vector surveillance in Jiaozuo,He'nan, 2016-2020

Objective To understand the species composition, density and seasonal fluctuation of important vectors in Jiaozuo city, and provide basis for the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases in Jiaozuo City. Methods Mosquitoes, flies, mice and cockroaches were monitored in different habitats by trapping, cage trapping, night trapping and sticking, respectively. Results A total of 5 991 female mosquitoes were captured from 2016 to 2020, which were 2.52/lamp·night, 5.40/ lamp·night, 3.59/lamp·night, 2.89 /lamp·night, and 5.69/ lamp·night, respectively. The dominant species was Culex pipiens pallens, accounting for 93.84%. The highest mosquito density was 24.4 / lamp·night in parks. The peak was in July; A total of 3 717 flies were captured from 2016 to 2020, with an average density of 1.63 flies/cage, 9.59 flies/cage, 6.26 flies/cage, 5.56 flies/cage and 6.86 flies/cage. The highest fly density was found outside restaurants, and Musca domestica was the dominant species, accounting for 77.40%, and the peak was October. A total of 27 mice were captured from 2016 to 2020, and the rodent density was 0.11 (per 100 clamps), 0.10 (per 100 clamps), 0.10 (per 100 clamps), 0.01 (per 100 clamps), and 0.17 (per 100 clamps), respectively. Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species, accounting for 88.89%. The highest rodent density habitat was rural natural villages. The peak density of rodents was April-October. A total of 687 cockroaches were captured from 2016 to 2020, and the densities of cockroaches were 0.08, 0.07, 0.08, 0.16 and 0.14, respectively. Blattella germanica was the dominant species, accounting for 98.84%. The density of cockroaches was highest in farmers' markets, followed by restaurants, and the peak of cockroach density was in November. Conclusions According to the main vector of biological species, distribution and density change trend analysis, dining environment and the farmers' market outside of mosquitoes, flies, rural and park farmers' markets and restaurants of the cockroach, rural and urban and rural integration of mice prevention work need to be further strengthened, the media insect breeding grounds and the occurrence of infectious diseases epidemic control media should be fundamentally eliminated, to protect the health of the people.