宁夏回族自治区2018—2020年血液标本细菌分布及耐药性分析

目的 了解近2018—2021年宁夏回族自治区临床血液培养标本中细菌分布及耐药性,为血流感染疾病防治提供依据。方法 收集2018—2020年宁夏回族自治区细菌耐药监测网点医院的血培养分离菌及耐药性资料,用WHONET5.6软件进行统计分析。结果 2018—2020年共收集血液标本分离细菌6 757株,其中革兰阴性菌3 697株（占54.7%),革兰阳性菌3 060株（占45.3%)。革兰阴性菌中大肠埃希菌2 074株（占30.7%）、肺炎克雷伯菌696株、铜绿假单胞菌139株和鲍曼不动杆菌121株;革兰阳性菌中凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌1 691株（占25.0%）、金黄色葡萄球菌 442株、链球菌属431株、肠球菌属379株。大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢曲松、亚胺培南耐药率分别为56.6%和22.6%、1.0%和3.7%。铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南耐药率为9.0%（12/139）和80.7%（71/121）。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）检出率26.8%,耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌检出率70%,未发现对万古霉素、利奈唑胺耐药葡萄球菌属细菌。3年仅1株耐万古霉素粪肠球菌,未检出耐利奈唑胺葡萄球菌和肠球菌。结果 宁夏回族自治区临床血液标本分离菌以大肠埃希菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌多见。其中大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对三代头孢菌素的耐药率较平稳,对碳青霉烯类耐药率呈低水平。鲍曼不动杆菌对碳青霉烯类耐药率呈高水平,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌检出率有所上升,应密切关注。

Bacterial distribution and drug resistance in blood samples in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 2018-2020

Objective To understand the distribution and drug resistance of bacteria in clinical blood culture specimens in Ningxia in recent years, and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of bloodstream infection diseases. Methods The blood culture isolation bacteria and drug resistance of Ningxia bacterial resistance monitoring network hospitals from 2018 to 2020 were statistically analyzed by WHONET5.6 software. Results In the past three years, a total of 6 757 strains of bacteria were isolated from blood samples, including 3 697 strains (54.7%) of gram-negative bacteria and 3 060 (45.3%) of gram-positive bacteria. Among the gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli (2 074 strains,30.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (696 strains), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (139 strains), and Acinetobacter baumannii (121 strains). Among the gram-positive bacteria, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (1 691 strains,25.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (442 strains), Streptococcus spp. (431 strains), Enterococcus spp. (379 strains). Resistance to Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was 56.6% and 22.6% against third-generation cephalosporins, and resistance to carbapenems was 1.0% and 3.7%, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were resistant to carbapenems at 9.0%（12/139） and 80.7%（71/121）. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected at 26.8%, methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was detected at 70%, and no Staphylococcus bacteria resistant to vancomycin and linezolid were found. For three years, only 1 strain of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis was detected, and no linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus and Enterococcus were detected. Conclusions Ningxia clinical blood specimen isolates of Escherichia coli, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae are more common. Among them, the resistance rate of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to the third generation of cephalosporins is relatively stable, and the resistance rate to carbapenems is low. Acinetobacter baumannii is highly resistant to carbapenems, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus detection rates are on the rise and should be closely monitored.