新型冠状病毒肺炎与传染性非典型肺炎的流行病学特征分析

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)与非典型肺炎(严重急性呼吸综合征,SARS)均是由冠状病毒引起的严重的传染性疾病,二者的发病原因至今仍不清楚且目前均无特效的治疗药物。因此,了解COVID-19与SARS的流行病学及病理病原学特征对其预防和治疗就显得尤为重要。本文通过回顾文献,并结合国内外的最新研究现状,从病原学、三间分布和病理学等方面对COVID-19与SARS两种疾病进行了探讨。结果显示,两种传染病在临床特征上存在很多相同点,但在疾病进程、严重程度和影像学上存在一定差异,COVID-19的传染比SARS更强,但其病死率低于SARS,并且两者的病理改变也有所不同。本文还通过对比SARS流行时的经验与教训,梳理了此次COVID-19疫情期间疾病防控存在的漏洞与不足,以及针对现阶段存在的问题提出建议,从而为两种疾病的预防、治疗及发病机制研究提供一定的科学依据。

The comparative analysis of epidemiological characteristics between COVID-19 and SARS

Both COVID-19 and SARS are two serious infectious diseases caused by coronaviruses.The cause of both is still unknown and there are currently no effective treatments.Therefore,it is important to understand the epidemiological and pathological characteristics of COVID-19 and SARS for its prevention and treatment.This article reviewed the literature,combined with the latest research status at home and abroad,to explore the two diseases of COVID-19 and SARS from the etiology,spatial,time and population distributions and pathology.The results show that the two infectious diseases have many of the same clinical characteristics.There are some differences in the disease process,severity,and imaging.COVID-19 have stronger infectivity than SARS,but its mortality is lower than SARS,and the pathological changes of the two are also different.The article also compared the experiences and lessons learned during the SARS epidemic,sorted out the loopholes and deficiencies in disease prevention and control during the COVID-19 epidemic,and made recommendations for the problems at the current stage,so as to provides the certain scientific basis for preventing and treating the two diseases,and their pathogenesis research.