南海某战区部队2008～2012年肺结核流行特征与干预效果

目的分析南海某战区部队2008~2012年肺结核流行病学特征及干预效果,为制订结核病防控措施提供依据。方法收集南海某战区40多个师团单位及驻军医院传染病疫情登记资料和住院资料,分析肺结核登记率情况、人群、职业和时间分布等特征;同时,对肺结核患者密切接触者进行预防性药物干预。结果南战区某部近5年间肺结核登记率呈逐年下降趋势(χ2=15.40 P0.01),平均年登记率为64.9/10万;发病人数以每年5~10月份多见(占59.6%),发病人群以入伍1~3年新兵和医院的医务人员多见。对356例肺结核密切接触者采用预防性化疗,随访1.5~2年后,仅1例发病,患者所在单位均未见聚集性肺结核病例发生。结论加强官兵尤其新兵的体检,加强医务人员的防护,密切接触者给予预防性服药均有利于疫情的防控。

Epidemiological characteristics and intervention effect of pulmonary tuberculosis in southern China sea military region from 2008 to 2012

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and intervention effect of pulmonary tuberculosis （TB） in southern China sea military region from 2008 to 2012,so as to provide the basis for the prevention and control measures of tuberculosis.Methods The data of infection and hospitalization records of tuberculosis of 40 military divisions and regiments were collected and the registration,distribution of population,occupation and time of tuberculosis cases were analyzed. At the same time,people contacting closely with patients with pulmonary TB were given preventive treatment. Results The registration rate of pulmonary TB declined year by year during 2008-2012（X2=15.40, P〈0.01）,with the average of annual registration rate of 64.9/100 000.TB patients were reported more often from May to October.The infection rate of medical workers and soldiers serving in army for 1-3 years was relatively high.Only 1 of the 356 close contacts with TB was found to be infected 1.5-2 years after receiving chemoprophylaxis .No pulmonary tuberculosis occurred in the units of previously detected TB patients.Conclusions Emphasis should be focused on early detection,diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis,especially the intervention on the close contacts with the patients to prevent the occurrence and prevalence of tuberculosis.