非洲疟疾诊治分析

目的了解非洲疟疾的高发病率及临床特点,提高赴非洲工作的医务人员诊治非洲疟疾的警觉性,防止输入性疟疾在国内的传播。方法对赴非洲加蓬医疗队工作4年期间5042例内科门诊疟疾占内科门诊病例的比率、临床表现,不同药物治疗方案的疗效进行观察、统计。结果加蓬全年均有疟疾传播,疟疾在内科门诊发病比率年平均是17.5%,发病比率逐月有所不同。绝大多数病例缺如典型的、规则的间歇性发作,其来势凶猛,不规则持续发热,体温在38.5～39.9℃者占72%。除发热外其临床表现多样化,涉及胃肠型、黄疸肝炎型、肾炎型、肺型、厥冷型等。以青蒿素为基础的联合药物是治疗非洲疟疾的最佳方案。结论非洲疟疾绝大多数是恶性疟,且发病率很高,发热不规则,临床表现多样化。赴非洲工作的医务人员对此必须充分认识,采用最佳治疗药物,否则极易贻误病情,同时应时刻防止输入性疟疾在国内传播。

Diagnosis of treatment of malaria in Africa

Objective To understand the high incidence and clinical features of African malaria cases,improve the diagnosis,treatment and awareness of malaria infection in medicdal workers in Africa as well as prevent the spread of the disease in China.Methods Data concerning the incidence,clinical manifestations,treatment and prognosis of 5 042 cases of malaria out-patients by the medical teams to Gabon in Africa within a four-year period analyzed.Results Malaria transmission periods weere all-year-around in Gabon.The average malaria incidence was as high as 17.5%.Typical and regualr and intermittent attacks were not common in most of the patients.But the clinical manifestations were various and severe with irregular fever and 72% of the cases with temperature of 38.5～39.9℃.Conclusion A majority of the cases in Africa are falciparum malaria with high incidence,irregular fever and various clinical menifestations.Medical workers to be working in Africa be aware malaria infection and use optimum therapeutic drugs and take effective measures to prevent malaria from import into this country.