贵阳市四所综合医院院内感染调查分析

目的 :了解我市综合医院院内感染 (NosocomialinfectionNI)情况 ,为制定我市NI防治对策提供依据。方法 :对我市四所综合医院的 12 3 7例住院病人进行了NI调查。结果 :NI感染率为 8.6% ,高危人群是年龄小于10岁和年龄大于和等于 60岁的患者 ;高发科室是综合科 ;高发部位为下呼吸道 ;NI病原菌主要为G杆菌 ;药敏试验显示 ,NI病原体对许多抗生素普遍耐药 ,耐药率为 5 0 %～ 10 0 %。另外 ,医院感染病人的平均住院天数明显高于非感染病人的平均住院天数 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :贵阳市综合医院NI感染率、分布、病原学与国内外报道相似。加强对NI的高发科室、高危人群、高发部位的预防和控制 ,加强医院病原送检和药敏试验 ,以指导抗生素的合理使用 ,对降低NI有重大意义。

An Investigation and Analysis of Nosocomial Infection in Four Comprehensive Hospitals

Objective:In order to know the situation of noscomial infection(NI) in comprehensive hospitals,and to adjust the policy of prevention and control of NI. Methods: We invsetigated 1237 patients of NI in four comprehensive hospitals in Guiyang city in April,2000. Results: The total infection rate of NI was 8.6%. Higher risk population of NI was the patients aged more than 60 years or less than 10 years. Higher infectional department of NI was comprehensive department. Higher infectional location of NI was lower respiratory tract. The main pathogens of NI were gram-negative bacilli. Drug sensitive tests:the NI pathogens were commenly resistan to many antibiotics and the resisting rates were 50%-100%. NI patients stayed longer in hospital than no-NI patients (P<0.01). So the treating costs for the NI patients increased. Conclusion:Total infection rate,the distribution and the pathogins of NI in Guiyang are similar to those reported from other countries.The key point of preverting and controlling NI is to prevent and control higher infectional departments,higher risk populations, and higher infectional locations; and emphasis should be payed on drugsensitive tests and identification of pathogens befor using antibiotics.