孕期PM10和PM2.5暴露对新生儿出生体质量的影响

目的 探讨母亲孕期PM₁₀和PM_2.5暴露与新生儿出生体质量的关系,并进一步确定孕期PM₁₀和PM_2.5暴露对新生儿出生体质量影响的关键窗口期。 方法 以济南市婴幼儿哮喘出生队列基线研究为基础,研究区域内的新生儿为研究对象,获取新生儿出生体质量。结合济南市区17个监测站的颗粒物监测数据、孕期母亲的居住地址经纬度及监测站地址经纬度,使用反距离权重法得到每位母亲孕期的逐日个体暴露浓度,获得每位母亲整个孕期和孕早期、孕中期、孕晚期的暴露浓度。结合广义相加模型与阴性对照暴露分析的方法探索孕期PM₁₀和PM_2.5暴露与新生儿出生体质量之间的关系,并将孕早期、孕中期和孕晚期的暴露情况同时纳入模型寻找关键窗口期。 结果 (1) 纳入4 602名研究对象,平均出生体质量为(3 420.98±465.27)g,母亲孕期PM₁₀和PM_2.5平均暴露浓度分别为114.15 μg/m³和54.71 μg/m³;(2) 整个孕期PM₁₀和PM_2.5暴露浓度每升高10 μg/m³,新生儿出生体质量分别减少30.46 g(P=0.013)和51.81 g(P=0.028);其阴性暴露对照期PM₁₀和PM_2.5暴露浓度与新生儿出生体质量变化之间关系均无统计学意义(PM₁₀: P=0.166; PM_2.5: P=0.650)。(3) 进一步分析结果显示,孕早期PM₁₀和PM_2.5暴露浓度每升高10 μg/m³,出生体质量分别降低11.56 g(P=0.004)和43.85 g(P<0.001)。孕晚期PM₁₀和PM_2.5暴露浓度每升高10 μg/m³,出生体质量分别降低13.09 g(P=0.001)和44.04 g(P<0.001)。 结论 母亲孕期大气PM₁₀和PM_2.5暴露会降低新生儿出生体质量,孕早期与孕晚期是其关键暴露窗口期。

Effect of maternal PM10 and PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy on neonatal birth weight

Objective To explore the association between maternal PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 exposure during pregnancy and neonatal birth weight, and further determine the critical window period of maternal PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 exposure on neonatal birth weight. Methods The study was based on the baseline study of infant asthma birth cohort in Jinan City, the newborns in the study area were selected as the research subjects, and the birth weight of newborns was obtained. Combined with the particulate matter monitoring data of 17 monitoring stations in Jinan City, the longitude and latitude of the mothers residential address during pregnancy and the longitude and latitude of the monitoring station address, the daily individual exposure concentration of each mother during pregnancy was obtained by using the inverse distance weight method, so as to obtain the exposure dose of each mother during the whole pregnancy, the first trimester, the second trimester and the third trimester. The association between maternal PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 exposure during pregnancy and neonatal birth weight was explored by using generalized additive model and negative control exposures analysis method, and the exposure dose of three pregnancy periods were included in the model to find the key window period. Results (1) Totally, 4 602 subjects were included in this study, with an average birth weight of(3 420.98±465.27)g. The average exposure concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 during pregnancy were 114.15 μg/m³ and 54.71 μg/m³, respectively. (2) For every 10 μg/m³ increase of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 exposure during pregnancy, the birth weight of newborn decreased by 30.46 g (P=0.013)and 51.81 g(P=0.028), respectively; there was no significant association between PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 exposure and neonatal birth weight in negative control exposure period(PM₁₀: P=0.166; PM_2.5: P=0.650). (3) The results of critical window period analysis showed that the birth weight decreased by 11.56 g(P=0.004)and 43.85 g(P<0.001)for every 10 μg/m³ increase of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 exposure concentration during the first trimester, and decreased by 13.09 g(P=0.001)and 44.04 g(P<0.001)during the third trimester. Conclusion Maternal exposure to PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 during pregnancy can reduce neonatal birth weight, and the first trimester and the third trimester are the critical exposure window periods.