沈阳市某建筑工地农民工膳食结构与营养素摄入情况

  目的 了解建筑工地农民工膳食现状，获取其膳食结构及营养素摄入情况，以指导农民工平衡膳食、合理营养。方法 整群抽取380名男性农民工，采用称重记账法，收集农民工就餐食堂连续3 d各种食物消耗量及就餐人数；采用24 h膳食回顾法，补充收集其在调查期间加餐或零食摄入情况。结果 该建筑工地农民工膳食结构的特点是以植物性食物为主，动物性食物种类单一，以猪肉为主；食盐消费量高达18.6 g/d。宏量营养素摄入基本充足，钙、铁、锌、维生素A、核黄素、钙、铁、锌等微量营养素摄入不足，分别占RNI(AI)A2CRN2的57.7%、64.3%、40.1%、72.0%和72.7%；钠摄入严重超标，高达9 012.9 mg。结论 该建筑工地农民工膳食结构不合理，微量营养素摄入不平衡，建议开展对农民工的营养教育，指导农民工合理膳食。

The Status of Dietary Pattern and Nutrient Intake among Migrant Workers in a Construction Site in Shenyang City

Objective To investigate the diet nutritional status among migrant workers in a construction site in Shenyang city,and collect the information of their meal structure and nutrient intake,so as to improve the diet balance and reasonable nutrition in migrant workers.Methods A total of 380 male migrant workers were enrolled by cluster sampling.The weighted record of 3 consecutive days was taken to collect the amount of food consumption and the number of workers who dined in the canteen.The method of 24-hour retrospective study of diet was performed to collect the information of snack intake and supplemental diet.Results Plant food was the main component of the dietary pattern of migrant workers.The sort of animal food was single and dominantly was pork.The consumption of salt was high up to 18.6 g/d;macronutrient intake was generally adequate;however,micronutrients such as vitamin A,riboflavin,calcium,zinc and iron were of inadequate intake,accounting for 40.1%,72.0%,72.7%,57.7%,and 64.3% of AI(RNI).However,sodium intake of 9 012.9 mg was beyond the general standard.Conclusion The dietary pattern of migrant workers in this construction was irrational,as the micronutrient intake was imbalanced.Therefore,it is recommended to carry out the nutrition education in migrant workers to guide the rational diet.