家犬心脏三尖瓣复合体的形态学观测

目的观测家犬心脏三尖瓣复合体形态学结构,提供比较解剖学资料。方法大体解剖法观测45个家犬心脏的三尖瓣复合体。结果家犬心脏三尖瓣复合体由瓣环、瓣膜、腱索和乳头肌构成。瓣环周长平均为(71.03±14.20)mm,前瓣、后瓣、隔侧瓣的平均高度分别为(10.46±2.99)、(9.48±2.81)、(11.87±4.06)mm,平均宽度分别为(21.98±6.12)、(23.33±6.91)、(22.82±4.33)mm;乳头肌成群出现,前、后、隔侧乳头肌平均条数分别为1.24±0.53、3.33±1.00、5.07±1.28;腱索较多且细小,前乳头肌至前尖、后尖、隔侧尖的条数分别为2.56±1.06、1.31±0.78、1.13±0.04;后乳头肌至后尖、隔侧尖、后内侧连合的条数分别为3.68±1.58、1.38±0.94、1.56±0.72;隔侧乳头肌至前尖、隔侧尖、前内侧连合的条数分别为2.27±0.87、11.27±3.74、1.86±1.51。假腱索连于乳头肌与室壁或室壁之间,平均条数为4.61±2.78。结论家犬心脏三尖瓣复合体与人类形态结构相似,且心室内普遍存在假腱索。

Morphological observation and measurement of tricuspid value complex in dog heart

Objective To observe and measure the tricuspid value complex in dog heart,and to provide data of comparative anatomy.Methods Tricuspid value complex in forty-five hearts of dog were dissected in general and were observed and measured.Results The tricuspid complex of dog was composed of the tricuspid valve ring,tricuspid valve,chordae tendineae and papillary muscles.The average length of tricuspid valve ring was(71.03±14.20)mm.The average heights of anterior cusp,posterior cusp and septal cusp were(10.46±2.99),(9.48±2.81),(11.87±4.06)mm respectively;The average width of anterior cusp,posterior cusp and septal cusp were(21.98±6.12),(23.33±6.91),(22.82±4.33)mm respectively.The papillary muscles were divided into three groups,the average numbers of anterior,posterior,septal group of papillary muscles were 1.24±0.53,3.33±1.00,5.07±1.28 respectively.Chordae tendineae were many and very thin,the average numbers of chordae tendineae from anterior group of papillary muscles to anterior cusp,posterior cusp,and septal cusp were 2.56±1.06,1.31±0.78,1.13±0.04 respectively.The average numbers of chordae tendineae from posterior group of papillary muscles to posterior cusp,septal cusp and posterior medial commissural area were 3.68±1.58,1.38±0.94,1.56±0.72 respectively.The average numbers of chordae tendineae from septal group of papillary muscles to anterior cusp,septal cusp and anterior medial commissural area were 2.27±0.87,11.27±3.74,1.86±1.51.False tendon existed between papillary muscles and the wall of right ventricle or between the walls of right ventricle commonly,the average number of false tendon was 4.61±2.78.Conclusion The tricuspid valve complex of dog is similar to that of human in morphology and structure,besides,there existed false tendon in dog heart commonly.