巨大儿的发生因素及其母婴并发症

巨大儿在产科的高危妊娠中常见,对母婴都会造成不良影响。对母体的影响主要有剖宫产率增加、子宫收缩乏力、产程延长、会阴裂伤、产后出血及产褥感染等。对其本身的影响为增加胎儿畸形、新生儿产伤、新生儿窒息、肩位难产、新生儿合并症及新生儿病死率等。巨大儿日后发展成肥胖、高血压、糖尿病等疾病的发生率较正常体质量儿明显升高。因此,巨大儿的发生率逐年增高应当引起关注,该文就巨大儿的发生因素及其对其母婴影响的相关研究予以综述。

Risk Factors of Macrosomia and the Complications of the Mothers and Infants

Macrosomia is a common high-risk pregnancy in obstetrics,which leads to adverse outcomes for both the mother and the infant. For mothers,the main impacts include higher Cesarean delivery rate,uterine inertia,prolonged labor,perineal laceration,postpartum hemorrhage and puerperal infection,etc. For macrosomic infants,the consequences include fetal anomaly,birth trauma,neonatal asphyxia,shoulder dystocia,neonatal complications and neonatal death,etc.,and long-term consequences include increased predisposition to develop obesity,hypertension and diabetes later in life. Rising incidence of macrosomia should draw due attention,therefore here is to make a review of the risk factors of macrosomia and the maternal and infant outcomes.