慢性失眠的病理机制：脑电生理和脑影像学证据

慢性失眠是现代社会普遍存在的社会问题，严重损害人们的心身健康。目前神经电生理和神经影像学的 研究表明：慢性失眠涉及广泛的脑区异常，主要集中在包括前额叶、前扣带、杏仁核，海马和丘脑等在内的不良情 绪-认知神经环路上，支持条件性高觉醒和认知神经信息处理增强的机制和/或中枢神经系统从觉醒中退出的抑制能 力受损或丧失的机制，提示慢性失眠患者中认知负荷调节失常在慢性失眠的病理机制中可能具有重要作用，这种认 知负荷失调可能与不良情绪-认知环路的功能或结构模式异常有关。因此，有必要采用心理学、脑电生理学、脑影像 学等多种技术相结合的手段对原发性失眠患者深入研究以进一步揭示慢性失眠的脑机制。

Pathological mechanisms of chronic insomnia: evidence from neuro-electrophysiology and neuroimaging research

As a widely recognized public health problem as well as prevalent and challenging to modern society, chronic insomnia is involved in wide brain areas (such as prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and thalamus) and emotion-cognition neuro-circuit. It is closely related to the conditioned hyperarousal and the increased information process and/or the impaired inhibitory ability to withdraw from awaking state. Thus, some specific abnormal mode may exist in the emotion-cognition circuit, which is associated with abnormal cognition load, such as repeated retrieval/intrusion of aversive memories during night. Studies through the combination of multiple techniques including psychology, electrophysiology and neuroimaging methods are needed to further enhance the understanding of chronic insomnia.