多房囊性肾细胞癌的诊断和治疗分析

目的分析多房囊性肾细胞癌病例的临床资料.方法 1998年1月至2002年12月,北京大学第一医院泌尿外科共收治482例肾癌患者,其中多房囊性肾细胞癌22例,总结临床资料进行分析.结果多房囊性肾癌占同期肾癌病例的4.56%,男女比例是2.67∶ 1,与同期非多房囊性肾癌患者比较(男∶女为2.09∶ 1),其性别构成差异无显著意义(P>0.05),但其平均年龄(46.6岁)低于后者(57.83岁),P<0.01.其中pT1N0M0期肿瘤6例,pT2N0M0期肿瘤15例,pT3bN0M0期肿瘤1例;G1级肿瘤5例,G2级肿瘤17例.结论多房囊性肾细胞癌是肾癌的一种特殊类型,诊断主要依据影像学检查,术前鉴别非常困难.对诊断不清的病例,尤其对于Bosniak分类在三级或以上者,行术中冰冻病理检查或采用保留肾组织的手术治疗,可使患者受益.

Diagnosis and treatment of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma: a study of 22 cases

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the diagnosis and treatment of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC), a special subtype of renal cell carcinoma. METHODS: The clinical data of 22 cases of MCRCC diagnosed and treated from January 1998 to December 2002 in the First Hospital of Peking University were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: 482 patients with renal cell carcinomas were hospitalized during that period with a male-to-female ratio of 2.09:1. Out of the 482 cases 22 cases (4.56%) were classified as MCRCC with a male-to-female ratio of 2.67:1, not significantly different from that of the general group of renal cell carcinoma patients (P > 0.05). The mean age of the patients of MCRCC was 46.6 years, significantly lower than that of the patients with other types of renal cell carcinomas (57.83 years, P< 0.01). Eighteen cases were diagnosed correctly as renal carcinomas before operation. Six patients (27%) were at the stage pT(1)N(0)M(0), 15 (68%) at the stage pT(2)N(0)M(0), and 1 (5%) at the stage pT(3)bN(0)M(0). The classification according to the tumor nuclear grading system showed 5 carcinomas (23%) of tumor nuclear grade 1, 17(77%) are of tumor nuclear grade 2. Eighteen patients underwent radical renal nephrectomy and 4 underwent partial nephrectomy. CONCLUSION: The preoperative diagnosis of MCRCC, difficult to be differentiated from other cystic renal diseases, mainly depends on imaging studies. Intraoperative frozen-section or nephron sparing surgery will benefit the patients if the preoperative diagnosis is unclear, especially for the patients of category 3 or 4 of Bosniak's system.