城市0～7岁儿童单纯肥胖症流行病学研究

目的了解我国０～７岁儿童单纯肥胖症流行情况及特征，并与１９８６年我国的调查资料作比较。方法身高别体重大于美国卫生统计中心／疾病控制中心参照人群的１０％～１９％为超重，２０％～２９％为轻度肥胖，３０％～４９％为中度肥胖，５０％为重度肥胖。共调查了１１个城市２０８５１３名儿童。结果总肥胖检出率为：男２．２％，女１．９％。总超重率男女均为４．２％；肥胖超重比男１．９，女２．１。从地区分布看，肥胖与超重的检出率为：北片、南片高，中片低。脂肪重聚年龄为５岁，脂肪重聚比前半年为：男２．９％，女３．５％，后半年为男１．７％，女２．４％。与１９８６年相比，１０年动态趋势为：肥胖检出率年增长值，男１０％，女８．７％；南片和中片高，北片低。结论（１）单纯肥胖症已成为学龄前儿童严重健康问题。（２）１９８６～１９９６年肥胖检出率年增长率处于失控的奇高速度。（３）脂肪重聚年龄超前和肥胖－超重比过大是肥胖检出率上升的重要危险因素。（４）脂肪重聚比提示学龄前控制肥胖的两个重要时期为生后１岁和５岁。

National epidemiological study on obesity of children aged 0-7 years in China 1996

OBJECTIVE: To study on obesity of children aged 0-7 years in 11 cities in 1996. METHODS: The sampling size was 208, 513. The children were divided into 9 groups: birth-, 1 mo-, 6 mo-, 1 yr, 2 yr-, 3 yr, 4 yr-, 5 yr-, 6-7 yr. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight was 4.2% (M4.2%, F4.2%); and of obesity, 2.0%(M2.2% F1.9%). The obesity to overweight ratio (ORR) was 2.1%(M1.9%, F2.2%). The adiposity rebound age (ARA) was 5 years. The adiposity rebound ratio (ARR) was 3.2 for ARR1 (M2.9%, F.5%) and 2.0 for ARR2 (M1.7%, F2.4%) in obese children and 3.5 for ARR1 (M 3.5, F3.5) and 2.5 for ARR2 (M2.8, F2.8) in overweight children respectively. The secular trend of prevalence of childhood obesity during 1986-1996 showed that the prevalence of obesity increased annually at 9.1% (M10%, F8.7%). CONCLUSION: The obesity has already been a severe health and social problem of preschool children in China. The increment of prevalence of obesity during 1986-1996 has been out of control. The earlier of ARA and the larger of OOR is an important risk factor of increasing of obesity. 1 year and 5 years after birth, predicted by ARR, are two critical periods of obesity control in preschool children in China.