小白菊内酯对多发性骨髓瘤细胞的生长抑制及其凋亡诱导作用

目的探讨小白菊内酯(parthenohde,VTL)对多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)细胞的体外作用及其机制。方法培养人MM细胞系PRMI8266,在不同浓度的PTL作用不同时间后,以四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法(MTT法)及台盼蓝拒染检测细胞增殖及活性,用AO／EB染色荧光显微镜及Wright-Giemsa染色观察细胞形态学改变,应用膜联蛋白V(Annexin V)和碘化丙啶(PI)染色流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,酶底物法测定细胞半胱氨酸蛋白水解酶3(Caspase-3)活性。结果(1)1- 10μmol／L的PTL对MM细胞生长曲线和活性有明显抑制作用,并呈时间和剂量依赖性,5μmol／L作用48 h,可达到接近50％的活性抑制;(2)5μmol／L PTL作用48 h后可见到细胞出现明显形态学改变,细胞形态变小、胞质减少、胞体胞核固缩、出现凋亡小体;(3)2μmol／L、5μmol／L、10μmol／L的PTL作用48 h后MM细胞的凋亡率分别为17．1％±2．6％、33．6％±3．8％、40．9％±3．1％,与对照组5．6％±1．2％相比,差异有显著统计学意义(均P<0．01);(4)PTL作用48 h后,MM细胞caspase-3活性明显增强,且呈浓度依赖性(P<0．01)。结论。PTL能明显抑制MM细胞体外生长及活性,其作用机制为增强caspase-3活性而诱导MM细胞凋亡;PTL作为新的MM细胞凋亡诱导剂,其作用靶点及体内效应值得深入研究。

Proliferation inhibiting and apoptosis inducing effects of parthenolide on human multiple myeloma cells

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of parthenolide (PTL) on human multiple myeloma (MM) cells in vitro and its mechanism. METHODS: Human MM cells of the line PRMI8266 were cultured and treated with PTL of the concentrations of 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 micromol/L for 24, 48, or 72 hours. MM cells treated with DMSO were used as control group. The optical density was measured so as to draw a growth curve. The cell viability was detected by MTT and trypan-blue exclusion. The apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. AO/EB staining and Wright-Giemsa staining were used to observe the morphological changes of the cells by fluorescence microscope and light microscope respectively. The caspase-3 activity was evaluated by BD ApoAlert Caspase Colorimetric Assay Kit. RESULTS: PTL significantly inhibited the proliferation and viability of the MM cells time and dose-dependently (all P < 0.01), and significantly induced the cell apoptosis after 48 h in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01). The early cell apoptosis rates for PTL of the concentrations of 2, 5 and 10 micromol/L were 17.1% +/- 2.6%, 33.6% +/- 3.8%, and 40.9% +/- 3.1% respectively, all significantly higher than that of the control group (5.6% +/- 1.2%, all P < 0.01). The MM cells treated with PTL of the concentration of 5 micromol/L for 48 h showed typical cell apoptotic features. The caspase-3 activity of the MM cells was enhanced significantly by PTL in a time and dose-dependent manner (all P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This first report of anti-proliferation and apoptosis induction effects of PTL on MM cells shows that able to significantly inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of MM cells and enhance the caspase-3 activity, PTL may be a potentially useful drug for treatment of MM.