北京地区成年女性尿失禁的流行病学研究

目的明确北京地区成年女性尿失禁的患病率、各种类型尿失禁的患病特点和相关影响因素。方法对北京市城区和郊区农村采用整群分层随机方法,抽取20岁以上成年女性5300人进行《国际下尿路症状问卷》现场调查。从20岁起,每10岁为一个年龄段,分为8组。结果共获得资料完整问卷5221份,未婚409人,已婚4812人。被调查的对象年龄22~99,平均年龄(46±17)岁。北京地区成年女性尿失禁的患病率为38·5%(2008/5221),压力性尿失禁、急迫性尿失禁和混合性尿失禁的患病率分别为22·9%(1197/5221)、2·8%(147/5221)和12·4%(649/5221)。随着年龄的增长,混合性尿失禁患病率明显增加。北京地区压力性、急迫性、混合性及其他类型尿失禁的构成比分别为59·6%(1197/2008),7·3%(147/2008)、32·3%(649/2008)和0·7%(15/2008)。多因素logistic回归表明:年龄、分娩方式、体重指数、高血压(舒张压高)、吸烟、便秘和慢性盆腔痛是北京地区成年女性压力性尿失禁发生的影响因素。结论北京地区成年女性尿失禁患病率比较高,是影响女性生活质量的主要疾病;尿失禁中以压力性尿失禁为主,其他依次为混合性尿失禁和急迫性。高龄、阴道分娩、体重指数高、高血压(舒张压高为主)、吸烟、便秘、慢性盆腔痛是北京地区成年女性压力性尿失禁的危险因素,剖宫产是其保护因素。

The study on the prevalence and associated risk factors of female urinary incontinence in Beijing women

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence, the clinical characteristics and associated risk factors of urinary incontinence in Beijing women. METHODS: In the cross-sectional study, 5300 Beijing women aged over 20 years were interviewed through a questionnaire including International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Module (ICIQ-FLUTS). Aged from 20 to 99 years old (mean 46 +/- 17). Divided into 8 groups every 10 years. 4812 cases are married. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of UI was 38.5% (2008/5221), among theses women, 22.9% (1197/5221), had stress incontinence, 2.8% (147/5221) urge incontinence and 12.4% (649/5221) mixed incontinence. In multiple logistic models, age, delivery mode, smoking, hypertension, constipation, body mass index, chronic pelvic pain (CPP) were relation factors for stress incontinence. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of urinary incontinence is high (38.5%). Urinary incontinence is major disease that affects female quality of life. 22.9% (1197/5221) of the incontinence women had stress urinary incontinence, 2.8% (147/5221) urge urinary incontinence and 12.4% (649/5221) mixed urinary incontinence. Old, vaginal delivery, smoking, hypertension, constipation, CPP and higher BMI are potential risk factors for stress urinary incontinence. Cesarean section are protective factors for stress urinary incontinence.