基于小鼠温度趋向行为学表征的红参和西洋参寒热药性差异研究

目的 探讨红参、西洋参对体虚、体盛模型动物温度趋向行为的干预作用与其寒热药性的内在联系,尝试建立寒热药性差异的客观评价方法.方法 雄性昆明种小鼠随机分为空白组、体虚组、体盛组、体虚+红参组、体虚+西洋参组、体盛+红参组、体盛+西洋参组,每组6只.分别采用控制饮食+游泳和饲喂高蛋白饲料的方法制备体虚和体盛模型.红参和西洋参用药剂量均为35mg/g,每天1次灌胃,连续7 d,不用药组以同体积生理盐水灌胃.用药期间每天用自行设计研制的动物温度趋向性行为学智能监测系统监测各组小鼠在该系统温度控制板高温区(40℃)停留时间占监测总时间的比例,并记录饮水量.用药结束后处死各组小鼠,分别以定磷法和黄嘌呤氧化酶法检测肝组织Na+K+-ATP酶和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性.结果 体虚组小鼠出现体重增长停滞、倦怠、饮水量下降、尾巴及四肢冰凉等"虚寒证"表现,而体盛组小鼠出现体重和饮水量增加、喜动等"热证"表现.7 d实验期间高温区停留比例体虚组为70.6%±21.3%,明显高于空白组(52.1%±6.5%,P<0.05),体盛组为45.7%±4.6%,明显低于空白组(P<0.05);体虚+红参组和体虚+西洋参组分别为65.6%±7.8%和75.3%±13.0%,前者明显低于而后者明显高于体虚组(均P<0.05);体盛+红参和体盛+西洋参组分别为36.1%±15.5%和55.5%±7.7%,前者明显低于而后者明显高于体盛组(均P<0.05).红参和西洋参干预对体虚小鼠均有上调肝组织Na+K+-ATP酶和SOD活性的作用(均P<0.05);而对体盛小鼠,仅西洋参有上调肝组织Na+K+-ATP和SOD酶活性的作用.结论 所建立的温度趋向行为检测法可表征红参与西洋参的寒热药性差异,模型动物经药物干预后的环境温度趋向性改变可能是中药寒热药性的外在表达方式之一,且可能与机体能量代谢调节有关.

Differences between cold and hot natures of processed Radix ginseng rubra and Panax quinquefolius L. based upon mice temperature tropism

Objective To establish an objective method to estimate the disparity between the cold and hot natures on the basis of an intrinsic correlation between temperature tropism of mice and the cold and hot natures of Chinese medicines. Methods Male KM mice were randomly divided into 7 groups of 6 each, namely the normal group (NM), the weak model group (WM), the strong model group (SM), the weak model plus Radix ginseng rubra group (WM + RG), the weak model plus Panax quinquefolius L. group (WM + PQ), the strong model plus Radix ginseng rubra group (SM + RG) and the strong model plus Panax quinquefolius L. group (SM + PQ). The specific herbal drugs were administered intragastricly. To induce the weak model, mice were fed with a limited supply of feed and forced to swim in cold water until almost drowning while the strong model induced by feeding a high-protein diet with an unlimited feed access. The doses of Radix ginseng rubra and Panax quinquefolius L. were 35 mg/g of body weight per day (counted by the quantity of crude materlal) and lasting for seven days. The NM and model groups without dosing were intragastricly administered with physiological saline of the same volume to the dosing groups. The percentage of the remaining time of mouse on a high temperature (40 ℃) pad to the total monitoring time was recorded by a self-designed intelligent animal behavior monitoring system. Meanwhile, the drinking volume of mice in each group was measured. Immediately after experiment, the activities of Na+ K+ -ATPase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver tissue were measured by assay kits of phosphorus and xanthine oxidase methods respectively. Results The features of deficient and cold symptom, such as fatigue, stagnant weight growth, decreased water intake, cold limbs and tail etc, were observed in WM group. And the features of heat symptom, such as increased weight and water intake, hyperactivity etc, were observed in SM group. The percentage of time that the mouse remained on 40 ℃ pad of the WM group within the seven days experiment was significantly higher than that of the normal group (70.6%±21.3% vs 52.1%±6.5%, P <0.05). While the value of SM group (45.7%±4.6%) was significantly lower than that of the normal group (P < 0.05) ; the value of WM + RG group and WM + PQ group were 65.6%±7.8% and 75.3%±13.0% respectively (both P < 0.05 compared with WM group) ; the values of SM + RG group and SM + PQ group were 36.1%±15.5% and55.5%±7.7% respectively (both P<0.05 compared with SM group). The activities of Na+ K+ -ATPase and SOD of WM mice treated with either Radix ginseng rubra or Panax quinquefolius L were found to have a significant up-regulation (P <0.05) as compared with untreated WM mice. But only the Panax quinquefolius L. showed an up-regnlating effect upon Na+ K+ ATPase and SOD in SM mice. Conclusions The external cold and hot natures of Radix ginseng rubra and Panax quinquefolius L can be represented in an ethological way by the changes of animal's temperature tropism. And such a tropism may be internally regulated by body's energy metabolism.