肝移植术后缺血型胆道病变的预防和治疗

目的探讨原位肝移植术后缺血型胆道病变（ITBL）的发生原因及防治措施.方法回顾性研究从1999年2月至2004年8月间212例次原位肝移植患者的临床资料,总结原位肝移植术后发生ITBL的情况.结果共发生缺血型胆道病变14例（6.6%）,其中肝门部胆管病变5例,肝内外胆管多发病变6例,肝内胆管多发病变3例.供肝冷保存时间超过10 h,供受体ABO血型不符,术后肝动脉病变及原发病为重型乙型病毒性肝炎的ITBL发生率分别为9.8%（10/102）、22.2%（2/9）、40%（2/5）及14.6%（7/48）.14例患者采用内科保守、内镜、外科及再次肝移植治疗,7例治愈,4例病情改善,1例无效、1例死亡.治疗有效率为78.6%（11/14）,治愈率为50%（7/14）,与ITBL相关的病死率为7.1%（1/14）,与ITBL相关的移植物失功率为23%（3/14）.结论尽量避免供受体ABO血型不符和供肝冷保存时间过长,及时处理术后肝动脉病变是预防原位肝移植术后发生ITBL的有效措施.根据胆管树的病变情况选择合适的治疗方法,是原位肝移植术后ITBL患者获得良好疗效的关键.

Prophylaxis and management of ischemic-type biliary lesion after orthotopic liver transplantation

Objective To investigate the cause, prophylaxis, and management of ischemic-type biliary lesion (ITBL) after orthotopic liver transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 212 operations of orthotopic liver transplantation on 209 patients, 184 males and 25 females, aged 44.5 (18~69), including 3 patients undergoing secondary liver transplantation, between February 1999 and August 2004 were reviewed retrospectively. Results ITBL occurred in 14 patients (6.6%), among whom 5 had biliary lesions of hepatic bifurcation, 3 had intrahepatic biliary lesions, and 6 had multiple extrahepatic and intrahepatic biliary lesions. The incidence rate of ITBL among the recipients of liver in cold storage for more than 10 hours, with donor-recipient ABO blood type incompatibility, with postoperative hepatic arterial lesions, and with hepatitis B related hepatic failure as the primary disease were 9.8% (10/102), 22.2% (2/9), 40% (2/5), and 14.6% (7/48) respectively. The 14 patients with ITBL were managed with conservative treatment, endoscopy, Roux-en-Y anastomosis, or re-transplantation. Seven of the 14 patients were cured, the condition of 5 patients was improved, and 1 patient died with a mortality of 7.1% (1/14). The incidence of ITBL-related graft loss was 23% (3/14). Conclusion It is crucial to avoid too long preservation time of donor liver and donor-recipient ABO blood type incompatibility, and timely management of postoperative hepatic arterial lesions so as to prevent ITBL. Proper treatment for ITBL should be chosen according to the specific conditions of the lesion of biliary duct tree.