左心系统瓣膜替换术后远期三尖瓣关闭不全的手术治疗效果

目的探讨左心系统瓣膜替换术后三尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗方法和效果。方法1995年1月至2004年5月,18名左心系统瓣膜替换手术远期三尖瓣关闭不全的风湿性心脏病患者在我院接受了单纯三尖瓣手术。二尖瓣替换术后13例,二尖瓣及主动脉瓣替换术后5例,伴三尖瓣DeVega瓣环成形术5例。本次三尖瓣手术时年龄为35~65岁(中位数50岁,平均50·1岁±8·1岁),心功能为NYHAⅢ~Ⅳ级,左心瓣膜功能正常,超声心动图确定诊断。结果无开胸出血死亡,行三尖瓣成形8例,三尖瓣替换术10例,生物瓣和机械瓣各5例。手术死亡率16·7%,随访12~114个月(中位数24个月,平均36·7个±31·8个月),3年生存率为78·8%。12名患者术后症状有明显改善,3名患者术后症状无改善,心功能NYHAⅢ~Ⅳ级,需要药物治疗。结论左心瓣膜替换术后出现远期三尖瓣关闭不全可能与手术时机晚、手术效果不满意或右心衰进展有关。当出现严重三尖瓣关闭不全右心衰症状明显时应尽早外科治疗,以降低术后死亡率。应首选三尖瓣成形术,三尖瓣替换术效果也可以接受。

Effect of surgical treatment of tricuspid regurgitation late after valve replacement of left heart

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the appropriate methodology and outcome of surgical treatment of tricuspid regurgitation late after valve replacement of left heart. METHODS: Eighteen patients with tricuspid insufficiency, with the diagnosis conformed by echocardiogram and in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III to IV, were treated surgically 3 to 14 years after left heart valve replacement, including 13 mitral valve replacements and 5 double valve replacements, from January 1995 to May 2004. DeVega was used in 5 patients. The ages at the time of tricuspid surgery ranged from 35 to 65 years (median 50 years). The patients were followed up for 36.7 months (12-114 months). RESULTS: There was no death from hemorrhage because of re-open. Tricuspid repair was performed in 8 patients, tricuspid replacement was done in 10 patients, 5 bioprostheses and 5 mechanical valves were implanted. The hospital mortality was 16.7%. Among the survivors, the three-year survival rate was 78.8%. Twelve patients showed improvement of symptoms, while there was no improvement in 3 patients who needed medical therapy. CONCLUSION: The pathophysiology of tricuspid regurgitation is associated with delayed left heart operation, implement of tricuspid repair in the first operation or progressive right ventricular failure. The surgical intervention should be earlier before the onset of severe right ventricular failure Tricuspid valve repair is the procedure of choice, while tricuspid valve replacement is also acceptable.