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社区吸烟者心理特质及其对尼古丁依赖程度的影响研究
引用本文:马含俏,刘涵,金倩莹,乔昆,Ali Akbar,张曼华,李星明.社区吸烟者心理特质及其对尼古丁依赖程度的影响研究[J].中国全科医学,2020,23(15):1889-1894.
作者姓名:马含俏  刘涵  金倩莹  乔昆  Ali Akbar  张曼华  李星明
作者单位:1.100069北京市,首都医科大学医学人文学院 2.100069北京市,首都医科大学公共卫生学院
*通信作者:张曼华,教授;E-mail:zhangmanhua99@163.com  李星明,副教授;E-mail:libright2003@163.com
基金项目:基金项目:科技部重点研发计划(2017YFC1309404)——基于医院和社区的烟草依赖管理模式优化研究
摘    要:背景 心理社会因素是影响尼古丁依赖的重要因素,关于吸烟原因和心理社会因素联合影响尼古丁依赖程度的研究较少见。目的 调查北京市社区吸烟人群心理健康状况,并探讨其对尼古丁依赖程度的影响。方法 2018-2019年,采用横断面研究方法,通过现场发放问卷调查北京市12家社区的吸烟者407人,纳入戒烟干预研究队列,采用自编社会人口学问卷收集吸烟者的人口学信息,采用尼古丁依赖量表评估吸烟者尼古丁依赖程度,采用拒烟自我效能问卷、Russell吸烟原因问卷、领悟社会支持量表及特质应对方式问卷进行吸烟者心理特质的调查。探讨人口学信息和心理特质得分与尼古丁依赖量表得分的相关关系;以尼古丁依赖程度为因变量,采用多重线性回归分析探讨影响尼古丁依赖程度的心理特质指标。结果 本调查共发放问卷407份,回收有效问卷309份,有效问卷回收率为75.9%。不同文化程度、平均月收入吸烟者尼古丁依赖程度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同尼古丁依赖程度吸烟者拒烟自我效能问卷总分及积极/社会情景、消极/情绪情景、习惯/成瘾情景维度得分,Russell吸烟原因问卷中心理意向、手口活动、享乐、镇静、刺激、成瘾及自动因子得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,文化程度(rs=-0.224)、拒烟自我效能问卷总分(rs=-0.398)及积极/社会情景维度(rs=-0.292)、消极/情绪情景维度(rs=-0.226)、习惯/成瘾情景维度(rs=-0.465)得分与尼古丁依赖程度呈负相关(P<0.05),Russell吸烟原因问卷中的心理意向(rs=0.120)、手口活动(rs=0.240)、享乐(rs=0.354,P<0.05)、镇静(rs=0.239)、刺激(rs=0.227)、成瘾(rs=0.426)和自动(rs=0.298)因子得分与尼古丁依赖程度呈正相关(P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析结果显示,文化程度(t=-3.151)、习惯/成瘾情景维度得分(t=-5.401)、享乐因子得分(t=2.736)和成瘾因子得分(t=3.111)是吸烟者尼古丁依赖程度的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 影响吸烟者尼古丁依赖程度的因素包括文化程度、习惯成瘾情境下的拒烟自我效能和吸烟原因中的享乐因素以及成瘾因素,应从社会心理层面与成瘾方面入手进行吸烟者的戒烟干预。

关 键 词:吸烟  吸烟戒断  问卷调查  心理特质  尼古丁依赖  社区  

Psychological Characteristics and Nicotine Dependence in Smokers in the Community
MA Hanqiao,LIU Han,JIN Qianying,QIAO Kun,AKBAR Ali,ZHANG Manhua,LI Xingming.Psychological Characteristics and Nicotine Dependence in Smokers in the Community[J].Chinese General Practice,2020,23(15):1889-1894.
Authors:MA Hanqiao  LIU Han  JIN Qianying  QIAO Kun  AKBAR Ali  ZHANG Manhua  LI Xingming
Institution:1.Capital Medical University School of Humanities,Beijing 100069,China
2.Capital Medical University School of Public Health,Beijing100069,China
*Corresponding author:ZHANG Manhua,Professor;E-mail:zhangmanhua99@163.com
LI Xingming,Associate professor;E-mail:libright2003@163.com
Abstract:Background Psychosocial factors affect nicotine dependence significantly.However,there are few studies on the combined effects of smoking causes and psychosocial factors on nicotine dependence.Objective To investigate the mental health status and its impact on nicotine dependence in community-living smokers in Beijing.Methods From 2018 to 2019,a cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted in a smoking cessation intervention cohort of 407 smokers recruited from 12 communities in Beijing.A self-designed Sociodemographic Questionnaire,the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence(FTND),Smoking Abstinence Self-efficacy Questionnaire(SASE),Russell's Reasons for Smoking Questionnaire (RRSQ),Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS),and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire(TCSQ) were used to collect the corresponding information,respectively.The association of FTND with SASE,RRSQ,PSSS,and TCSQ in terms of score was analyzed by sociodemographic factors and psychological traits,respectively.Multiple linear regression analysis with nicotine dependence as the dependent variable was used to explore the psychological indicators associated with nicotine dependence.Results  The survey obtained a response rate of 75.9%(309/407).Nicotine dependence varied significantly by education level and average monthly income (P<0.05).The scale and subscale(positive/social situation,negative/emotional situation,and habit/addiction situation) scores of SASE differed significantly according to nicotine dependence level(P<0.05).The scores of the RRSQ subscales(psychological imago,hand and mouth activity,enjoyment,sedation,stimulation,addiction and automatic) differed significantly according to nicotine dependence level(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that education level (rs=-0.224),the scale score of SASE (rs=-0.398),and the scores of its subscale positive/social situation (rs=-0.292),negative/emotional situation (rs=-0.226),and habit/addiction situation (rs=-0.465) were negatively correlated with nicotine dependence level(P<0.05).The scores of psychological imago(rs=0.120),hand and mouth activity (rs=0.240),enjoyment (rs=0.354),sedation (rs=0.239),stimulation (rs=0.227),addiction (rs=0.426) and automatic (rs=0.298) subscales in the RRSQ were positively correlated with nicotine dependence level(P<0.05).According to the results of the multiple linear regression equation,education level (t=-3.151),habit/addiction situation subscale score (t=-5.401),enjoyment subscale score (t=2.736) and addiction subscale score (t=3.111) were the influencing factors of nicotine dependence(P<0.05).Conclusion The factors influencing the level of nicotine dependence of smokers include education level,self-efficacy of smoking abstinence in habitual/addicted situations,and enjoyment and addiction factors.In view of this,In view of this,it is essential to deliver interventions of smoking cessation based on the psychosocial and addictive factors in the smokers.
Keywords:Smoking  Tobacco use cessation  Questionnaires  Psychological traits  Nicotine dependence  Community  
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