灾害救援医务人员一年后心理健康状况及心理知识重要性的研究

目的研究玉树救援医务人员远期心理健康状况,探讨灾害相关心理知识培训等因素对救援医务人员心理的影响,为今后更好的维持救援人员近期的乃至远期的心理健康提供依据。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、创伤后应激障碍自评量表(PCL-C)及自行设计的调查表对116名医务人员进行心理健康状况调查。SCL-90和PCL-C根据症状的严重程度以1～5级评分,分数越低表明心理状态越好。结果调查的玉树救援医务人员与常模比较其心理健康状况良好。是否接受过灾害相关心理知识培训的两组救援人员SCL-90比较结果显示,敌对因子两组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其余各因子两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),总均分两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。救援本身对医务人员心理状态的影响有78人(68.42%)认为是积极的,8人(7.02%)认为是消极的,28人(24.56%)认为没有影响。PCL-C的3个症状群中,创伤再体验的平均分最高(1.184分),其次是麻木和回避得分(1.154分),第三是警觉性增高得分(1.104分)。结论参与救援的医务人员心理素质较高,灾害相关心理知识的培训教育有助于救援人员尽快恢复和保持自身的心理健康状态。

Mental Health of the Medical Staff One Year After the Disaster Relief and the Importance of the Psychological Knowledge

Objective To investigate the long-term mental health status of the disaster relief medical staff for Yushu Earthquake,and the influence of the training on disaster-related psychological knowledge to the psychological state of the disaster relief medical staff,so as to provide the basis to maintain their short-term and long-term mental health better. Methods The mental health of 116 members of disaster relief medical staff were investigated by Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90),Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version(PCL-C) and the self-designed questionnaire.The scores of SCL-90 and PCL-C were graded as levels of from 1 to 5,according to the severity of the symptoms,the lower the score the better the psychological state. Results The mental health of the disaster relief medical staff investigated was better than that of the adult norms.There were significant differences in total score of SCL-90 and its factional scores between the groups of the disaster relief medical staff who had received the disaster-related psychological knowledge and who had not(P<0.05),except for in hostile factor(P>0.05).To the influence of the rescue itself to mental health 78(68.42%) members believed that it was positive,8(7.02%) believed it was negative,and 28(24.56%) held that it was of no influence.Among the average scores of three symptoms in PCL-C,the score of trauma re-experience ranged the highest(1.184),that of numbness and avoidance second(1.154),and the increased vigilance lowest(1.104). Conclusion The psychological quality of the disaster relief medical staff for Yushu earthquake is higher,and the training on the disaster-related psychological knowledge is helpful to restore and maintain their mental health.