灾害事故现场医学应急救援的主要特点及救护原则

目的 探讨灾害事故现场应急救援的主要特点和现场救护原则。方法 结合有关研究和101例爆炸伤伤员及167例中毒伤员的临床成功救治的体会，并引用国内外公开发表的相关论文及著作进行分析研究。结果 善于应用现有的先进科技手段，可使灾害事故现场的医学应对预案和救护原则更趋合理，个人的防护技术更完善，提高救治的成功率。结论 灾害现场的医学应急救援的主要特点是组织机构的临时性，工作条件艰苦，需要紧急赴救，大量伤员同时需要救治并且伤情复杂。灾害事故现场救护原则是先救命后治伤，先重伤后轻伤；先抢后救，抢中有救，尽快脱离事故现场；消除伤员的精神创伤；医护人员以救为主，其他人员以抢为主，应在灾害事故的医疗救援中，体现“立体救护、快速反应”的救治原则，以提高抢救成功率。

The Major Characteristics and Rescue Principles of Medical Urgent Rescue of on-the-Spot Disaster and Injuries

Objective To investigate the major characteristics and on-the-spot medical rescue principles of disaster and casual injuries of the urgency state.Methods Compared with the relative researches and 101exposed injuries, the feeling of rescuing 167 poisoned people successfully, and partially quoted from national, international research papers and works.Results Based on modern advanced science and technology, our scheme makes the on -the-spot clinical rescue principles more reasonable and the personal protection more effective, and increase the effectiveness of the rescue.Conclusion Temporary organization, difficult working condition and urgency are the major characteristics of clinical treatment of the disaster and casualty injuries. Generally, the wounded always emerge at sudden and at a great amount, the states of illness are always complicated. The clinical rescue principles are defined to three stages such as on-the-spot rescue, evacuation and hospitalization treatment. Life support is the cardinal treatment on-the-spot rescue, then rescue; heavy injury first, then light injury. Rush first, rescue second, rescue in rushing, and leave the on-the-spot disaster and casualty. Eliminate the mental injuries of the wounded. Medical and nursing staff mainly deal with rescue, others mainly rush."Multiple treatment and prompt reaction" are the cardinal principles during disaster and casualty rescue, the successful rescue rate should be improved.