南京市区老年人膳食结构的调查分析

目的：了解南京市区老年人膳食营养状况和膳食结构模式。方法：采用连续3天24h回顾法获得食物摄入量。结果：南京市区老年人三餐热能早餐热能比(23．45％)偏低、晚餐热能比(36．07％)偏高；能量摄入量相对充足．平均达推荐营养素摄入量(RNI)的82．97％；多种维生素的摄入量不足，维生素B1、B2严重缺乏，分别占RNI的49．80％、52．05％；钙的摄入量严重缺乏，仅占适宜摄入量(AI)的36．73％；33．9％的老年人胆固醇摄入量超过AI标准；蛋白质来源合理．但摄入量不足；碳水化合物供热比(52．42％)较低，脂肪供热比(33．89％)偏高；铁来源于动物类食品比例(21．9％)较少；理想膳食模式(DDP)总分为84．0；老年男性的膳食营养状况优于女性。结论：南京市区老年人膳食结构不太合理，应加强宣传教育提高营养知识水平，合理调整膳食结构。

Survey on Dietary Pattern of the Elder in Nanjing

Objective: To investigate the dietary pattern of the elder in Nanjing. Methods: Dietary survey was conducted by 3 d 24 h dietary recall method. Results: The energy proportion for breakfast was lower(23.45%), and for dinner was too high. Various vitamin intakes were inadequate, especially for vitamin B1 and B2, which counted for 49.80% and 52.05% of RNI. Calcium intake was insufficient, only 36.73% of AI. The cholesterol intake(33.9%) for the elder exceeded AI. The protein source was suitable, but intake was insufficient. The energy from carbohydrate(52.42%) was lower , and from fat was too high(33.89%). Iron(21.9%) from animal foods was lower. The score of DDP was 84.0. Nutrient level in females was lower than that in males. Conclusion: The results indicate that the dietary pattern of the elder should be modified by strengthening nutrition education.