国际学员三站式强化内镜黏膜下剥离术动物模拟培训的实践

目的　探索家猪离体胃模型在对国际学员进行内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissection，ESD）培训中的应用价值。方法　对15名国际学员进行为期20 d的ESD培训，第一阶段为理论知识学习，完成消化内镜基础及动物模拟培训调查问卷。第二阶段将其随机分为离体动物模型组（A组，８人）和临床观察学习组（B组，7人）。A组在临床观察学习期间，同时按照规范操作步骤进行离体动物模型培训课程。培训结束时考核两组学员ESD操作情况，并再次完成问卷。应用SPSS 20.0进行t检验和卡方检验。结果　A组与B组ESD总操作时间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05），注射时间、标记时间差异没有统计学意义（P＞0.05），切开时间及黏膜剥离时间差异有统计学意义。A 组与B组的ESD操作速度差异无统计学意义。两组切除标本大小差异无统计学意义。两组均有1例为分块切除病灶，其余为整块切除。在操作过程中各发生1例穿孔。同时，对比离体动物模型组学员培训前后操作情况，发现培训后ESD总操作时间、切开时间明显提高。结论　以理论知识为基础结合家猪离体胃动物模型培训的内镜培训具有较高的教学参考价值，能够使各国学员熟悉并初步掌握ESD的基础理论知识及操作方法，帮助各国学员日后在临床开展ESD操作。

Practice of three-station intensive animal simulation training of endoscopic submucosal dissection for international trainees

In order to make up for the innovation deficiency in the traditional residency training model and the shortcomings of active learning and lifelong learning, evidence-based medicine is introduced into the residency training of dental general practitioners. Theoretical knowledge training of evidence-based medicine is conducted through online course learning. PICO mode is used to conduct evidence-based analysis of clinical cases under the guidance of the instructor, so that trainees can get familiar with the process of evidence-based analysis. Students can finally design and complete the application cases of evidence-based medicine, and teachers give evaluation guidance. Through this process, students can learn and master the knowledge of evidence-based medicine step by step, thus obtaining better teaching results.