中国新兵心理弹性特点及影响因素分析

目的 了解中国部队新兵的心理弹性特点及其影响因素,为部队新兵的心理健康教育和训练提供科学依据.方法 新兵到达部队两周内,采用成人心理弹性量表(RSA)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷(EpQ)、情绪调节方式问卷(ERS)和一般自我效能感量表(GSES)对中国大陆范围内来自不同地区的2459名新兵进行调查.结果 ①中国新兵心理弹性状况较好RSA总均分为(2.94±0.47)分];女新兵RSA总分(101.76±14.06)分]显著高于男新兵(96.65±15.62)分,(t=4.13,P＜0.01)];大专及以上文化程度的新兵在RSA总分上显著高于初中及高中文化程度的新兵(P＜0.01);独生子女与非独生子女新兵在RSA总分上无显著差异,仅在RSA组成因子的社会能力(t=2.23,P=0.026)、社会资源(t=2.44,P=0.015)和计划风格(t=2.34,P=0.020)上存在差异.②RSA高分组在性格的内外向(Z=19.13,P=0.000)和情绪的宣泄调节(Z=8.67,P=0.000)及自我效能(Z=19.48,P=0.000)的得分上均显著高于RSA低分组,而在SCL-90(Z=16.28,P=0.000)、神经质(Z=18.14,P=0.000)和情绪的抑制调节因子(Z=3.68,P=0.000)的得分均显著低于RSA低分组.③中国新兵的心理弹性与内外向、宣泄调节和自我效能有显著的正相关,与抑制调节及神经质有显著的负相关.进一步回归分析发现,内外向、神经质、宣泄调节、抑制调节及自我效能对心理弹性有显著的预测力,能解释其变异的41%.结论 中国新兵心理弹性状况较好.情绪调节方式(宣泄调节/抑制调节)、内外向、神经质及自我效能感是中国新兵心理弹性重要的影响因素.

Resilience in China recruits and its influencing factors

Objective To explore the characteristic and its influencing factors of resilience in Chinese recruits to provide the scientific evidence for the mental health training. Methods Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) ,Self-report Symptom Checklist 90( SCL-90), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) and General SelfEfficacy Scale (GSES) were applied to 2459 recruits(2231 males and 139 females, aged ( 19 ± 1.5 ) ) within two male recruits( 101.76 ± 14.06) was significantly higher than that of males (96.65 ± 15.62) ( t=4. 13, P＜0. 0l ) ;Recruits with College and above education have significantly higher RSA scores than those with junior high school education and senior high school education (P ＜ 0. 0l ). Between the only child group and non only child group, there was no significant difference in RSA total score , but significant difference existed only in three factors higher RSA group scored significantly higher in extraversion (Z = 19.13, P = 0.000), abreaction adjustment (Z =8.67, P = 0.600 ) and self-efficacy (Z = 19.48, P = 0.000 ), while scored significantly lower in the SCL-90 (Z =Resilience had significant positive correlation with extraversion, abreaction adjustment and self-efficacy, and negative correlation with the neuroticism and inhibition adjustment. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that extraversion, neuroticism,abreaction adjustment/inhibition adjustment and self-efficacy had predictive ability to resilience( explain 41% ). Conclusion Chinese recruits have good resilience. Emotion Regulation (abreaction adjustment/inhibition adjustment), extraversion, neuroticism and self-efficacy are important influencing factors of resilience for Chinese recruits.