犬脑枪弹伤模型建立及相关生理、病理指标观察

目的：建立犬脑枪弹伤致伤模型，检验该模型用于颅脑枪弹伤进一步研究的可行性。方法：杂种犬14只，随机分成脑贯通伤（PCI）组（n=7）和脑切线伤（TBI）组（n=7），采用德国小口径步枪子弹按上述分组要求致伤。测定弹丸致伤参数，观察实验犬伤后相关生理与病理指标改变。结果：TBI组和PCI组的弹丸撞击能量基本一致；TBI组的组织对弹丸吸收能量较大（P＜0．05），且实验犬伤后存活时间也较长（P＝0．0013）。两组犬均在伤后数分钟至1h内出现明显的心率减慢、血压下降、颈动脉血流量减少、呼吸暂停或减慢、颅内压（ICP）逐渐升高。两组挫伤区病理表现为脑血管扩张、充血、血管周围环形出血、神经细胞轻度缺血、坏死及脑水肿。结论：上述模型均具有弹道伤恒定、重复性好、伤后动物存活时间较长等特点，尤以TBI模型更为理想。

Model establishment and observation of related physiopathological parameters in canines with craniocerebral gunshot wounds

AIM To set up an exprimental craniocerebral gunshot wound model of canine and to test its feasibility for further use in craniocerebral gunshot wound experiments. METHODS Fourteen canines, which were wounded by the bullets of small caliber rifles made in German,were randomly divided into penetrating craniocerebral injury (PCI) group ( n =7) and tangent brain injury (TBI) group ( n =7). The wounded parameters of bullets were measured and the physiopathological changes of these canines were observed. RESULTS The bullet impact velocity and the bullets impact energy of the two groups were recorded. There was no significant difference between the two groups. The absorbed energy by tissue in the TBI group was more than that in the PCI group ( P <0 05). The average survival time of the canines in the TBI group was longer than that of the PCI group ( P =0 0013 ). The heart rates, respiratory frequencies, blood pressures and carotid blood flows of these experimental canines were reduced, and the intracranial pressure (ICP) was increased obviously in both groups from a few minutes to 1 hour after the wound. Cerebral vascular dilation, hyperemia, perivascular hemorrhage, ischemic necrosis of the neunons and perivascular edemas in the specimen of experimental canines in two groups were observed. CONCLUSION Our experimental craniocerebral gunshot wound models of canine are invariable in wound trajectory and repeatable in use, with animals having longer survival time, especially in the model of the TBI groups.