快速反应部队急性高原反应研究

目的:为常驻内陆的部队,特别是应急机动作战部队急进高原执行任务提供参考依据.方法:以某部队进驻青藏高原驻训期间士兵为研究对象,按相关相近的原则区分为普通步兵、摩托步兵、特种侦察兵、炮兵、装甲兵、服务保障兵(后勤、装备、技术、保障兵)6类.在海拔2800～5200 m之间选4个高程点作为驻训点;在每个驻训点随机抽2个战斗编制单位进行研究.结果:内陆部队急进高原的海拔越高,急性高原反应的发生率也越高;不同兵种间急性高原反应平均发生率存在明显的差异,由低至高依次是:特种侦察兵24.0%,装甲兵28.0%,摩托步兵33.2%,炮兵35.6%,普通步兵 39.2%,服务保障兵46.4%;所有的急性高原反应发生者都有诱因可寻,其中以上呼吸道感染最多,约占 58.0%,寒冷为13%,饥饿为10.0%,疲劳占为10.0%,其他或无明显诱因占9.0%.结论:急性高原反应极大地影响进驻高原部队的战斗力,但若能合理地区分任务和保障的重点、难点,采取措施预防诱因,可以有效地减少急性高原反应的发生,内陆部队急进高原执行任务是可行的.

Study on acute altitude disease in quick-response unit

AIM: To provide some data for sending quick response operating units stationed in inland to highland in case of emergency. METHODS: New recruits to be sent to Qingzang Plateau were used as subjects and were categorized by arms of services into 6 groups: infantry, motor infantry, special purpose forces, artillery corps, armored forces and logistic support corps. From elevation 2800 m to 5200 m, 4 stay bases were selected. At each base, 2 units were sampled randomly. RESULTS: The incidence of acute altitude disease was positively correlated with the altitude in troops moving promptly into highland, 24.0% for those in special purpose forces, 27.0% for those in armored forces, 31.4% for those in motor infantry, 35.6% for those in artillery corps, 39.2% for those in common infantry and 45.0% for those in logistic support corps. The known predisposing factors were upper respiratory tract infection (58.0%), coldness (12.9%), starvation (10.0%) and fatigue (10.0%), and known factors (9.0%). CONCLUSION: For troops moving promptly into the highland, acute altitude disease is the major factor affecting the fighting strength. But, if effective measures are taken, the incidence of acute altitude disease can be greatly reduced, making it possible for troops stationed in the inland to be sent promptly to the highland.