肱骨近端骨折微创锁定钢板改良内固定的疗效分析

目的: 分析应用微创锁定钢板内固定治疗肱骨近端骨折患者,采用近端4枚锁钉及远端2枚锁钉(简称“近四远二”)的生物力学稳定固定方式的临床疗效及骨折愈合特点。方法: 对北京大学第三医院2010年2月至2016年12月期间的肱骨近端骨折患者进行回顾性研究,入组患者分为微创组与非微创组,微创组采用“近四远二”的内固定方式,非微创组采用传统切开复位内固定方式。为了研究对于不同类型骨折两种手术方式的治疗效果,我们同时进行了不同Neer分型患者的比较。术后复查肩关节X线片,采用视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)及Constant-Murley评分评估患者肩关节疼痛及功能水平。结果: 符合入组标准的患者共117例,微创组45例,非微创组72例,平均年龄(61.5±16.2)岁。根据Neer分型,二部分骨折46例,三部分骨折63例,四部分骨折8例。微创组患者男17例,女28例,平均年龄(62.2±17.1))岁,包括Neer二部分骨折18例,Neer三部分骨折23例,Neer四部分骨折4例;非微创组患者男27例,女45例,平均年龄(60.1±17.7)岁,包括Neer二部分骨折28例,Neer三部分骨折40例,Neer四部分骨折4例。两组数据在性别(P = 0.975)、年龄(P=0.545)及骨折类型(P=0.756)方面的差异无统计学意义。微创组患者与非微创组的平均住院日分别为(2.8±1.1) d和(4.3±1.3) d (P=0.023),手术时间分别为(67.8±14.9) min和(102.3±34.1) min (P<0.001),失血量分别为(21.3±6.5) mL和(181.5±55.6) mL(P<0.001), 术后1周Constant-Murley评分分别为6.1±0.9及6.5±0.8 (P=0.032),术后3个月Constant-Murley评分分别为66.1±4.3及63.4±4.9(P=0.006),在这些方面微创组具有显著优势。对于Neer二部分及三部分骨折,微创组的术后1周VAS评分(5.9±0.8)及术后3个月的Constant-Murley评分(66.6±3.7)均具有显著优势(P<0.05)。微创组发生骨折延迟愈合1例(2.2%)、外展受限1例(2.2%);非微创组发生骨折延迟愈合3例(4.2%)、外展受限2例(2.8%), 两组均未出现内固定断裂及肱骨头坏死的情况。结论: 应用微创技术结合“近四远二”的内固定方式治疗肱骨近端骨折,术后骨折断端骨痂生长明显,骨折正常愈合且肩关节功能恢复良好,是一种可行的手术方式。

Application of the modified internal fixation method of minimally invasive percuta-neous plate osteosynthesis in treatment of proximal humeral fracture

Objective: To study the clinical outcomes and characteristics of fracture healing of a modified internal fixation method, which was implemented by placing four and two screws respectively at the proximal and distal end of the locking plate in the minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) for patients with proximal humeral fractures.Methods: Patients in Peking University Third Hospital from February 2010 to December 2016 were brought into this retrospective study. Based on different operation methods, they were divided into minimally invasive (MI) group and non-minimally invasive (non-MI) group, and the patients in MI group were performed with the modified internal fixation. In order to observe the varying efficacy for different fracture types between the two groups, we further investigated the patients with Neer two-part and three-part fracture, respectively. The follow-up parameters included general physical examination, X-ray, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Constant-Murley score.Results: A total of 117 patients with an average age of (61.5±16.2) years met the inclusion criteria, and MI group included 45 patients, non-MI group included 72 patients. According to the Neer classification, there were 46 cases of two-part fracture, 63 cases of three-part fracture and 8 cases of four-part fracture. In MI group, there were 17 males and 28 males with an average age of (62.2±17.1) years, including 18 cases of two-part fracture, 23 cases of three-part fracture and 4 cases of four-part fracture. In non-MI group, there were 27 males and 45 females with an average age of (60.1±17.7) years, including 28 cases of two-part fracture, 40 cases of three-part fracture and 4 cases of four-part fracture. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender (P=0.975), age (P=0.545) and fracture type (P=0.756). The average hospital-stay in MI group and non-MI group was (2.8±1.1) days and (4.3±1.3) days (P=0.023), the operation time was (67.8±14.9) min and (102.3±34.1) min (P<0.001), the blood loss was (21.3±6.5) mL and (181.5±55.6) mL (P<0.001), the Constant-Murley score was 6.1±0.9 and 6.5±0.8 (P=0.032) one week after surgery, and the Constant-Murley score was 66.1±4.3 and 63.4±4.9 (P=0.006) three months after surgery, MI group had significant advantages in these aspects. In terms of Neer two-part and three-part fracture, the VAS score (5.9±0.8) one week postoperatively and the Constant-Murley score (66.6±3.7) three months postoperatively were significantly superior in MI group (P<0.05). In MI group, delayed fracture healing occurred in 1 case (2.2%) and abduction was restricted in 1 case (2.2%). In non-MI group, delayed fracture healing occurred in 3 cases (4.2%) and abduction was restricted in 2 cases (2.8%). There were no internal fixation complications and humeral head necrosis in both groups.Conclusion: Applying the modified internal fixation in MIPPO to cure proximal humeral fractures is effective clinically with thick callus formation occurring at the fracture site. The fracture can achieve normal healing and the shoulder functions can restore well, indicating the modified surgical method is a good treatment option.