多孔中空椎弓根螺钉骨水泥加强固定治疗合并骨质疏松症的腰椎退变性疾病

目的：探讨应用多孔中空椎弓根螺钉骨水泥加强固定治疗合并骨质疏松症的腰椎退变性疾病的有效性和安全性。方法： 将2014年11月至2015年7月北京大学第一医院骨科14例应用多孔中空椎弓根螺钉骨水泥加强固定治疗合并骨质疏松症的腰椎退变性疾病的患者设为观察组，将2012年2月至2013年9月12例采用传统的骨水泥加强椎弓根螺钉固定的患者设为对照组。记录两组病例手术时间、术中出血量、置入椎弓根螺钉数量、骨水泥加强椎弓根螺钉数量、术中和术后骨水泥并发症（包括术中骨水泥椎旁渗漏、椎间盘渗漏、椎弓根渗漏、血管渗漏、椎管内渗漏，术后肺栓塞等）。随访过程中通过腰椎正侧位X线片和动力位X线片，评价融合节段的融合情况和螺钉松动的情况；采用腰痛视觉模拟评分(visual analog scale,VAS)、下肢痛VAS评分、腰椎日本骨科协会评估治疗评分(Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores,JOA,29分法)评定临床症状改善情况，采用Prolo腰椎功能评定标准和Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)评分评定术后功能改善情况。结果： 两组病例手术时间和术中出血量差异无统计学意义；观察组平均每个病例置入椎弓根螺钉（9.9±4.7）枚，平均骨水泥加强椎弓根螺钉（5.9±2.6）枚；对照组平均每个病例置入椎弓根螺钉（7.1±2.8）枚，平均骨水泥加强椎弓根螺钉（3.0±1.9）枚；每个病例骨水泥加强螺钉比例（骨水泥加强螺钉/置入椎弓根螺钉）观察组明显高于对照组（0.69±0.30 vs. 0.47±0.30，P<0.05）；骨水泥渗漏方面，观察组渗漏率为5/83，明显低于对照组渗漏率（12/42，P<0.01），观察组无椎管内渗漏病例，对照组有1例3枚骨水泥加强椎弓根螺钉出现椎管内渗漏；观察组随访（10.6±2.3）月，对照组随访（36.5±7.2）月，两组病例均未发现植骨不融合病例和螺钉松动病例。末次随访时两组病例腰痛VAS评分、下肢痛VAS评分、腰椎JOA评分，Prolo腰椎功能分级和ODI评分均较术前均有显著性改善（P<0.01）。结论： 多孔中空椎弓根螺钉骨水泥加强技术是治疗合并骨质疏松的腰椎退变性疾病的有效方法，简化了操作过程，降低了骨水泥渗漏风险尤其是椎管内渗漏风险，短期临床效果满意。

Polymethylmethacrylate augmentation of bone cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screws for the treatment of degenerative lumbar diseases with osteoporosis

Objective： To describe the application of polymethylmethacrylate augmentation of bone cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screws for the treatment of degenerative lumbar diseases with osteoporosis. Methods: Observation group included 14 cases of degenerative lumbar diseases with osteoporosis received polymethylmethacrylate augmentation of bone cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screws from November 2014 to July 2015, control group included 12 cases of degenerative lumbar diseases with osteoporosis received polymethylmethacrylate augmentation with traditional pedicle screws.The operation time, blood loss, number of pedicle screws and number of augmented pedicle screws in the two groups were compared. The bone cement leakage and pulmonary bone cement embolism in the two groups were also compared. The fusion rate and pedicle screws loosening by lumbar X ray and dynamic X ray were evaluated. The clinical results were assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) of pain on lumbar and lower limbers, lumbar Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores (JOA), Prolo functional scores and Oswestry disability (ODI) scores. Results: Differences of operation time and blood loss in the two groups were not statistically significant. The average number of pedicle screws was 9.9±4.7 and the average number of augmented pedicle screws was 5.9±2.6 in observation group while the average number of pedicle screws was 7.1±2.8 and the average number of augmented pedicle screws was 3.0±1.9 in control group. The ratio of augmented pedicle screws was higher in observation group than in control group （0.69±0.30 vs.0.47±0.30，P<0.05）. The bone cement leakage rate was lower in observation group than in control group (5/83 vs. 12/42, P<0.01). All the cases in observation group were without leakage to the interspinal canal while one case in control group suffered from bone cement leakage to the interspinal canal with augmentation of 3 pedicle screws. The follow up period was (10.6±2.3) months in observation group and (36.5±7.2) months in control group. In final follow up, no case with non fusion or pedicle screws loosening was found in both groups. Lumbar VAS, lower limbers VAS, lumbar JOA scores, Prolo functional scores and ODI scores were all better than pre-operation (P<0.01). Conclusion: Polyme-thylmethacrylate augmentation of bone cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screws for the treatment of degenerative lumbar diseases with osteoporosis was effective, with simple working processes and lower risk of bone cement leakage. The short-term clinical result was good.