注意缺陷多动障碍儿童平衡功能测定的病例对照研究

目的：探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder，ADHD)患儿平衡功能特点及与正常儿童之间的差异。方法：使用平衡功能测试仪(Balance Master)对80名ADHD患儿及与之按年龄、性别配对的80名正常对照进行不同状态下的平衡功能测定，并用CART分析法探讨平衡功能与临床症状之间的关系。结果：ADHD组在固定平面闭眼、海绵垫平面睁眼与闭眼以及单脚站立睁眼与闭眼状态下，身体的摇摆速率显著高于对照组．差异有显著性；在海绵垫平面闭眼状态下的测试结果与感觉统合发育评定量表中的前庭失衡、本体感失调有关，还与韦氏操作智商、言语理解因子、注意/不分心因子、Conner量表中的多动指数相关。结论：ADHD患儿有平衡功能异常，其利用本体感觉、视觉和前庭觉调节平衡的能力有缺陷；平衡功能的异常与其临床症状、行为及认知损害有关。

A case-control study on balance function of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children

OBJECTIVE: To explore the character of the balance function of ADHD and difference with control. METHODS: Subjects were 80 ADHD children and 80 non-ADHD children classified according to the diagnostic criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (IV) and matched by age and sex. We used the Balance Master to evaluate their stability in different conditions. The CART was used to find the relationship between the balance function and the clinical symptoms. RESULTS: Under the conditions of firm surface with eyes closed(FS/EC), foam surface with eyes opened (FoS/EO) and eyes closed(FoS/EC), unilateral stance with eyes open(VS/EO) and closed(VS/EC), the sway velocity of ADHD children was higher significantly than that of the control. There was correlationship between the result of sway velocity under the condition of FoS/EC and the vestibular dysfunction, somasensory dysfunction in the sensory integration check scale, the performance IQ, verbal comprehension facter and freedom from distractibility facter in C-WISC and the hyperactivity index in conner scale. CONCLUSION: ADHD children have poor stability, abnormal sensory integration and visual, somatosensory, vestibular function deficits. There is correlation between the balance dysfunction and the clinical symptoms and the deficits in behaviour and cognition.