吴江地区5种淡水鱼含汞量测定及食鱼与脐血汞、胎发汞的相关性

目的测定吴江地区经常食用的5种淡水鱼含汞量,分析孕期食鱼频率与脐血汞和胎发汞的相关性,从而对孕期控制鱼类摄入量提出相应建议。方法一年中分四个季度对鳊鱼、鲫鱼、鲢鱼、鲈鱼和黑鱼这5种淡水鱼的背部肌肉和近腹鳍脂肪组织进行含汞量测定,对同期入院分娩的产妇进行食鱼频率问卷调查,所分娩新生儿进行脐血汞和胎发汞测定。结果 5种淡水鱼背部肌肉含汞量（ng/g）依次为8.71±1.92、17.83±1.73、26.14±1.49、31.83±2.03、35.18±1.75,鳊鱼〈鲫鱼〈鲢鱼〈鲈鱼〈黑鱼,差异有高度统计学意义（均P〈0.01）;腹脂肪含汞量由小到大依次为18.21±1.61（鲫鱼）、19.09±3.14（鳊鱼）、30.67±1.70（黑鱼）、30.83±1.48（鲈鱼）、48.86±2.06（鲢鱼）,差异有高度统计学意义（均P〈0.01）。鳊鱼、鲢鱼腹脂肪含汞量明显高于背肌肉（均P〈0.05）。孕期每周食淡水鱼或海鱼3次以上者脐血汞、胎发汞含量明显高于每周食鱼1～2次者（P〈0.05）。结论吴江地区5种淡水鱼组织含汞量低于中国国家食品鱼类卫生标准,但因甲基汞影响胎儿神经系统发育,对于特殊敏感人群的孕期妇女,建议每周食鱼频率不宜超过2次,且应选择食用组织含汞量少的鱼类,避免食用腹部富含脂肪的组织。

Correlation Among the Contents in Five Kinds of Freshwater Fish,Fish Intake,Mercury in Cord Blood and in Fetal Hair in Wujiang

Objective To research the mercury contents of five kinds of freshwater fish in Wujiang and to analyze the correlation among the frequency of fish intake during pregnancy and mercury in cord blood and mercury in fetal hair,and to make appropriate recommendations for controlling fish intake during pregnancy.Methods The mercury contents were determined in the muscles of back and fatty tissue near ventral fin from five kinds of freshwater fish in Wujiang i.e.Bream,crucian carp,silver carp,perch and blackfish in every quarter.At the same time,puerperants in hospital were investigated on the intake frequency of fish by using questionaries,and mercury contents in cord blood and in fetal hair were determined in the neonates.Results The mercury content of muscle of back from Bream,crucian carp,silver carp,perch and blackfish were（8.71±1.92）ng/g,（17.83±1.73）ng/g,（26.14±1.49）ng/g,（31.83±2.03）ng/g,（35.18±1.75）ng/g respectively.There were significant differences among them（P0.01）.The mercury contents in fatty tissue near ventral fin from Bream,crucian carp,silver carp,perch and blackfish were（18.21±1.61）ng/g,（19.09±3.14）ng/g,（30.67±1.70）ng/g,（30.83±1.48）ng/g,（48.86±2.06）ng/g（P0.01）respectively.The mercury contents in fatty tissue near ventral fin from Bream and silver carp were higher than the mercury content of the muscle of back muscle（P0.05）.The cord blood mercury and fetal hair mercury of pregnant women who ate freshwater fish weekly and/or fish more than three times was significantly higher than 1 or 2 times a week.Conclusions The mercury content of freshwater fish in Wujiang is lower than the fish hygienic standard of State food.However,methyl mercury can affect the development of fetal nervous system,so the recommended of frequency of fish intaking in pregnant women is less than twice a week.The pregnant women should choose the fish with less mercury content and avoid eating the fatty tissue at abdomen.