氨甲环酸对老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者行PFNA内固定手术围术期失血的有效性及安全性研究

目的 评估术前静脉滴注氨甲环酸对老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者行股骨近端髓内钉-螺旋刀片(PFNA)手术围术期失血的影响.方法 选择股骨粗隆间骨折行PFNA内固定的老年患者115例,分为治疗组(58例)和对照组(57例).治疗组术前30 min静脉滴注20 mg/kg氨甲环酸,对照组无特殊处理.记录两组术前,术后第1、3天血红蛋白(Hb)及红细胞压积(Hct)情况,通过Gross方程与Nadler方程计算围术期总失血量,统计两组患者输血率、血栓性并发症发生情况.结果 治疗组围术期总失血量(872.21±312.53)mL,对照组(1 162.41±368.64)mL,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).治疗组输血率3.45%,对照组17.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).两组患者均无深静脉血栓及肺栓塞发生.治疗组肌间静脉血栓发生率5.1%,对照组7.0%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者行PFNA内固定术前静脉滴注20 mg/kg氨甲环酸能有效减少围术期失血,并且不增加血栓形成风险.

Efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid for treating perioperative bleeding during PFNA internal fixation in elderly femoral intertrochanteric fracture

Objective To evaluate the effect of preoperative intravenous drip of tranexamic acid(TXA) on perioperative bleeding in proximal femoral nail anti-rotation(PFNA) operation of elderly intertrochanteric fracture.Methods A total of 115 elderly patient with intertrochanteric fracture undergoing PFNA internal fixation were selected and divided into the treatment group(58 cases) and control group (57 cases).The treatment group was intravenously dripped with 20mg/kg TXA before operation,while the control group had no special treatment.Hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit(Hct) were recorded before operation and on postoperative 1,3 d.The total amounts of perioperative blood loss were calculated by using the Gross equation and Nadler equation.The blood transfusion rate and thromboembolic complications occurrence situation in the two groups were performed the statistics.Results The total amounts of perioperative blood loss were (872.21±312.53) mL in the treatment group and (1 162.41±368.64) mL in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).The blood transfusion rate was 3.45% in the treatment group and 17.5% in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).No deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism occurred in both groups.The occurrence rate of venous thrombus was 5.1% in the treatment group and 7.0% in the control group without statistical difference(P>0.05).Conclusion Preoperatively intravenous drip of 20mg/kg TXA in PFNA internal fixation of elderly intertrochanteric fracture can effectively decrease perioperative blood loss without increasing the risk of thrombus formation.