成都地区足月新生儿胎盘铅镉元素的分布特点

目的 调查足月新生儿胎盘不同取样位置样品的铅镉含量,探讨胎盘样品在宫内重金属暴露评价中的作用.方法 收集四川大学华西第二医院2016年5-6月30个健康足月新生儿胎盘,以脐带横截面脐静脉为12点钟方向将胎盘子面分为左右两个部分,分别在左部1/4半径处(A点)和右部分3/4半径处(B点)采集绒毛小叶组织样品;应用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法检测样品铅镉含量,对A、B位置间元素含量进行相关分析和配对t检验.结果 胎盘A点干重样品的平均铅、镉含量分别为91.8、66.7 μg/kg,B点干重样品相应的平均含量为88.9、64.8 μg/kg.两个部位的铅、镉含量均呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.98和0.97,且不同部位组织间的含量差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 胎盘子面中心部分(1/4～3/4半径区域)绒毛小叶组织中铅镉含量基本一致,是评价宫内重金属暴露的可靠指标.

Distribution characteristics of placental lead and cadmium elements among full term neonates in Chengdu area

Objective To investigate the lead and cadmium contents in different sampling sites from full term neonatal placenta and to explore the role of placental sample in the evaluation of intrauterine heavy metals exposure.Methods The placentas from 30 healthy full term neonates were collected from the West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University during May and June 2016.Each placenta fetal side was divided into the left and right parts with the umbilical vein in the umbilical cord cross-section as the 12 o'clock direction.The villus lobular tissue samples were taken from the 1/4 radius in left part (site A) and 3/4 radius in the right part (site B).The graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was used to detect the lead and cadmium contents in the samples.The elements contents in the site A and B were performed the paired t-test and correlation analysis.Results The mean contents of lead and cadmium in dry weight sample at placental site A were 91.8 and 66.7μg/kg which at the site B were 88.9 and 64.8 μg/kg respectively.The lead and cadmium contents at these two sites presented the positive correlation,the coefficients were 0.98 and 0.97 respectively,whereas the difference in contents between the tissues from different placental sites had no statistical significance.Conclusion The lead and cadmium contents of villus lobular tissue in the central part of placenta fetal side (1/4-3/4 radius area) are basically consistent,which is a reliable indicator for evaluating the intrauterine heavy metals exposure.