超声引导下持续股神经阻滞在全膝关节置换术后镇痛的效果观察

目的 观察超声引导下持续股神经阻滞在全膝关节置换术后镇痛的效果与不良反应,与传统静脉自控镇痛进行对照研究.方法 选择2015年8月至2016年3月该院择期行单侧膝关节置换术患者40例,分为A、B两组,每组20例.A组采用超声引导下持续股神经阻滞镇痛,B组采用静脉自控镇痛.比较两组术后4、8、12、24、48 h静息视觉模拟评分(VAS),术后24、48、72 h持续被动运动时的VAS评分,术后2、3、4、5、6d肌力分级及膝关节最大被动屈伸活动度,术后不良反应发生情况,两组血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的水平,下肢超声监测深静脉血栓发生情况及血清D-二-聚体水平的变化.结果 A组患者术后各时间点静息状态VAS评分明显低于B组(P<0.05),A组术后24、48、72 h持续被动功能锻炼时的VAS评分明显低于B组(P<0.05).A组患者术后第2、3、4天被动屈伸活动度明显高于B组(P<0.05),两组患者术后各时间点患肢肌力无明显差异(P>0.05).A组患者术后自控镇痛按压次数少于B组(P<0.05).两组患者加用镇痛药情况无明显差异(P>0. 05).A组术后6、24 h CRP水平低于B组(P<0.05).两组患者术后IL-6水平均高于术前(P<0.05),但组间无明显差异(P>0.05).两组患者超声结果显示下肢深静脉血栓形成情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).A组患者围术期D-二聚体水平低于B组(P<0.05).结论 超声引导下持续股神经阻滞应用于膝关节置换手术患者的术后镇痛,镇痛效果确切,能减轻术后应激损伤,降低术后并发症的发生率,有利于巩固手术治疗效果.

Observastion on effect of continuous femoral nerve block guided by ultrasound in postoperative analgesia in total knee arthroplasty

Objective To observe the effect and adverse reactions of ultrasound guided continuous femoral nerve block in postoperative analgesia after total knee arthroplasty(TKA) and to conduct the comparative study with traditional patient-controlled intravenous analgesia. Methods Forty patients undergoing elective unilateral knee replacement in this hospital from August 2015 to March 2016 were selected and divided into the group A and B, 20 cases in each group. The group A adopted ultrasound guided continuous femoral nerve block analgesia, while the group B adopted patient-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCA). The VAS score on postoperative 4,8,12,24,48 h were compared between the two groups, the VAS score of continuous passive motion on postoperative 24,48,72 h were compared between the two groups, the muscle strength grade and knee joint maximum passive flexion and extension on postoperative 2-6 d were compared between the two groups. Postoperative adverse reactions were observed. The levels of C-reactive protein(CRP) and interleukin- 6 (IL-6) were tested. The ultrasound monitoring of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis occurrence was performed and the changes of serum D -dimer was observed. Results The rest state VAS score at each time point in the group A was significantly lower that in the group B (P<0.05). The VAS score of continuous passive function exercise at postoperative 24,48,72 h in the group A was significantly lower than that in the group B (P<0.05). The passive flexion and extension mobility on postoperative 2,3,4 d in the group A was significantly higher than that in the group B(P<0.05). There was no signifi cant difference in muscle strength at each time point between the two groups (P>0.05). The number of PCA pressing times in the group A was less than that in the group B (P<0.05). The CRP level at postoperative 6 h in the group the A was lower than that in the group B (P<0.05). The IL-6 level after operation in the two group was higher than that before operation, but the intergroup had no significant difference (P>0.05). The lower extremity deep venous thrombosis formation detected by ultrasound had no significant difference between the two groups. The D-dimer level during perioperative period in the group A was lower than that in the group B (P<0.05). Conclusion Ultrasound guided continuous femoral nerve block used in postoperative analgesia in the patients undergoing knee arthroplasty has definite analgesic effect, can alleviate postoperative stress damage and incidence of postoperative complications, and is conducive to consolidate the operative curative effect.