自体腹膜移植回肠浆肌扩大原位膀胱的重建

目的 为探求一种理想的肠代膀胱重建的方法,设计并建立腹膜自体移植回肠膀胱重建的小型猪实验动物模型。方法 随机选取封闭饲养的雌性成年实验用小型猪6只,体重28~33 kg,在全麻下行回肠浆肌层腔外直接剥离术+膀胱部分切除术+膀胱重建手术(将选取的自体腹膜覆盖于带血供的回肠浆肌层表面制备成复合游离瓣膜,将其与膀胱残垣进行吻合修补重建新膀胱),术后5 d拔除双侧输尿管导管,7 d拔除气囊支撑尿管,观察排尿情况。术后12周在麻醉下行膀胱造影及尿流动力学检查,之后予安乐处死动物,取出膀胱标本进行常规病理学、免疫组织化学及电镜检查。结果 将6只猪进行手术实验,6只动物术后正常存活,无1只死亡,无腹膜炎、肠梗阻或尿瘘等并发症发生。移植腹膜-回肠浆肌复合游离瓣膜均全部成活,术后拔除尿管观察动物排尿可,黄清,与术前对比无差异。术后膀胱形态及功能与术前比较无差异。病理学显示,术后12周可见重建膀胱部位所覆盖腹膜完全被尿路移行上皮取代,未见回肠上皮细胞再生与残留。扫描电镜观察显示,重建膀胱部分移行上皮完整致密、排列整齐,吻合交界处膀胱黏膜移行细胞连续,无中断及错位。结论 在动物(猪)腔外回肠浆肌剥离与自体腹膜移植替代肠黏膜扩大重建原位新膀胱方面取得初步成效,克服了肠代膀胱术后与肠黏膜分泌、吸收相关的并发症,但对于是否可以在临床应用,还需要更加深入的研究与探讨。

Transplantation of Autologous Peritoneum Using Ileal Seromuscular Flaps for Orthotopic Neobladder Reconstruction

Objective To develop an ideal surgical procedure for neobladder reconstruction in experimental porcine models. Methods Six experimental female pigs weighting 28-33 kg underwent transplantation of autologous peritoneum for bladder reconstruction under general anesthesia.The flaps were used to reconstruct the orthotopic neobladder by suturing with the edges of the triangle and neck of the remnant bladder.The ureteral catheters were removed on the 5 ^th postoperative day and the balloon catheter was removed on the 7 ^th postoperative day.Voiding behaviour was monitored.The animals were euthanized at week 12 for routine pathology,immunohistochemistry,and electron microscopy. Results All the pigs survived after the surgery,and no postoperative complication such as peritonitis,intestinal obstruction,or urinary fistula was observed.All the peritoneum-ileum composite free valves survived after transplantation.Voiding behaviour was normal after catheter removal,and the urine was clear.At autopsy,reconstructed bladders were healthy.Pathological examination showed the neobladder had been covered by continuous urothelium while the peritoneum disappeared and showed no ileal mucosa regrowth and residual.Scanning electron microscope showed the transitional cells of neobladder were complete and orderly,and the urothelium around suture border was continuous and showed no malposition. Conclusions Reconstruction of bladder by autologous peritoneum and ileal seromuscular flaps is an ideal approach in the experimental pigs as it can prevent regrowth of ileal epithelial cells and avoid the complications of conventional enterocystoplasty.Its clinical application deserves further investigations.