北京、西安、上海、成都四地区痴呆患者卫生保健现状调查

目的评估当今我国痴呆老人的卫生服务现状,以期改善痴呆患者的生活质量和合理决策资源的分配.方法1998年在北京、西安、上海、成都四地区进行以人群为基础的照料者调查.在55岁及以上的34 807名居民中检出1 141名痴呆患者,随机取样428名进行问卷调查.实查405名,拒查23名.测量痴呆患者及其照料者的人口统计学特征、患者的主要临床表现、照料者对疾病的知晓度和患者的医疗护理现状.结果痴呆患者405名,包括阿尔茨海默病298名、血管性痴呆81名和其他类型26名.轻度(157例)、中度(135例)和重度(110例)痴呆的平均MMSE得分分别为16.3±5.3、12.7±5.4和6.2±5.8.大多数患者(96%)在家,由亲属照料.照料者中有189名(48.8%)认为其亲人的认知、行为障碍和日常生活能力的下降是正常衰老的结果.照料者带痴呆患者就诊的比例低,与痴呆知晓度和严重度相关.轻、中、重度痴呆的就诊比例1996～1997年分别为8.3%、13.5%和19.4%,1998～1999年分别为14.4%、25.6%和33.6%.这些照料者报告就诊时的诊断显示痴呆漏诊率为73.1%,服药治疗者仅为21.3%,服国际推荐的一线抗痴呆药(胆碱酯酶抑制剂)的比例仅为2%.结论必须普及痴呆相关知识,提高公众的知晓度,加强社会支持,改善痴呆患者的照料水平,实现早期诊断和早期治疗,提高患者的生活质量.

A caregiver survey in Beijing, Xi'an, Shanghai and Chengdu: health services status for the elderly with dementia

OBJECTIVE: In order to rationally allocate resources and to improve the quality of life of people with dementia, it is necessary to assess their current health services status. METHODS: A population-based door-to-door caregiver survey was conducted in Beijing, Xi'an, Shanghai and Chengdu in 1998. Totally 1 141 individuals with dementia were found among 34 807 residents aged 55 years and over on the basis of national prevalence study of dementia. Then 428 families with demented patients were randomly selected for questionare interview. Interviews were completed in 405 but refused by 23 families. Measurements included demographic characteristics of patients and their caregivers, perspective of the victim of the disease, current awareness of the disease and medical and welfare services provided. RESULTS: Among 405 cases of dementia (including 298 cases of AD and 81 cases of VaD), mean MMSE scores were 16.3 +/- 5.3 for 157 mild cases, 12.7 +/- 5.4 for 135 moderate cases, and 6.2 +/- 5.8 for 110 severe cases. Most patients (96%) were cared for at home by family members. Among caregivers, 189 (48.8%) considered the impairment of cognition, behavior and daily living activity in demented persons as a result of normal aging. Half of the caregivers spend over 8 hours each day looking after the patient. Whether the caregivers brought their relatives with dementia to a doctor was determined by disease severity, i.e. 8.3% for mild, 13.5% for moderate, and 19.4% for severe in 1996 to approximately 1997 and 14.4%, 25.6% and 33.6%, respectively in 1998-1999. Of those, only 26.9% reported receiving a dementia diagnosis, and only 21.3% received a recommedation to take medication. However, there was no established standard treatment and only 2% patient's used Ache-I. CONCLUSIONS: General education is needed to increase the public awareness of dementia. For patients with dementia, early diagnosis, early treatment and optimal care are important to improve their quality of life.