广西灵山县人类免疫缺陷病毒阳性孕产妇接受抗逆转录病毒治疗预防母婴传播后对18月龄儿童生长发育的影响

目的 评估广西灵山县人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)阳性孕产妇实施预防艾滋病母婴传播(PMTCT)的抗逆转录病毒药物治疗(ART)用药后对18月龄儿童生长发育的影响,为改进PMTCT的ART用药方案提供科学依据。方法 选取广西艾滋病疫情位居第1位的灵山县作为研究现场,按照回顾性病例对照研究设计分为病例组和对照组:(1)病例组为灵山县2010至2017年实施了PMTCT ART用药的HIV阳性孕产妇及其所生HIV阴性婴儿,通过国家PMTCT系统数据库,收集分析HIV阳性孕产妇及其所生婴儿的历史卡片和PMTCT资料;(2)对照组为灵山县妇幼保健院2017年健康孕产妇及其所生的健康婴儿,收集分析儿童生长发育资料。儿童生长发育不良的定义为身高、体质量和头围3项主要指标中至少1项指标低于正常值范围。结果 病例组HIV阳性孕产妇数及其所生婴儿数分别为391例和368例,母亲和婴儿的ART用药比例分别为87.21%(341/391)和95.38%(351/368);18月龄儿童的HIV阳性率为1.36%(5/368),死亡率为4.35%(16/368),HIV母婴传播率为2.01%(5/249)。病例组和对照组18月龄儿童生长发育不良发生率分别为42.12%(155/368)和23.06%(101/438),差异有统计学意义(χ²=33.520,P<0.001)。结论 广西灵山县HIV阳性孕产妇接受PMTCT ART用药后,18月龄儿童生长发育不良发生率增高。

Effects of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive Mothers Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy to Prevent Mother-to-child Transmission on the Growth and Development of 18-month-old Children in Lingshan County of Guangxi

Objective To evaluate the effects of antiretroviral therapy(ART)for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission(PMTCT)of acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)on the growth and development of 18-month-old children born by human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-positive pregnant women in Lingshan County,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,and provide scientific evidence for improving the ART medication plan for PMTCT.Methods Lingshan County,ranking the first in the HIV-epidemic counties of Guangxi,was selected as the research site.According to the design of retrospective case-control study,we assigned all the subjects into the case group and the control group:(1)The case group included the HIV-positive pregnant women who had received ART for PMTCT and their HIV-negative infants in Lingshan County from 2010 to 2017.The historical cards and PMTCT data of them were collected from the national PMTCT database.(2)The control group included the healthy pregnant women and their healthy babies born in the Lingshan Maternity and Infant Hospital in 2017,and the children's growth and development data were collected.The stunted growth in children was defined as at least one of the three main indicators of body height,body weight,and head circumference below the normal range.Results The number of HIV-positive mothers and their infants in the case group was 391 and 368,respectively,and 87.21%(341/391)and 95.38%(351/368)of mothers and infants respectively received ART medication.The HIV positive rate,mortality rate,and mother-to-child transmission rate of 18-month-old children were 1.36%(5/368),4.35%(16/368),and 2.01%(5/249),respectively.The incidence of stunted growth of 18-month-old children in the case group and the control group was 42.12%(155/368)and 23.06%(101/438),respectively,with significant difference(χ²=33.520,P<0.001).Conclusion After HIV-positive mothers in Lingshan County of Guangxi received ART for PMTCT,the incidence of growth stunting in 18-month-old children increased.