Klippel-Feil综合征的临床特征及遗传学分析

目的 总结Klippel-Feil综合征(KFS)的临床特征,利用自主设计的多基因panel测序筛查KFS患者的可能致病基因,为疾病早期诊断及靶向治疗提供基础。方法 以2015年1月至2018年12月在北京协和医院明确KFS诊断的25例患者为研究对象,统计所有患者的流行病学信息、临床表现、体格检查及影像学资料,提取外周血DNA后进行多基因panel二代测序,并结合生物信息学分析探索KFS可能的致病突变。结果 25例KFS患者中,男15例,女10例,平均年龄(12.9±7.3)岁,颈椎活动受限是最常见的临床特征(12例,48%)。根据Samartzis分型,KFS Ⅲ型患者出现短颈(P=0.031)和颈椎活动受限(P=0.026)的比例明显高于KFS Ⅱ型和KFS Ⅰ型。Panel测序共在8例患者中检测到11种基因突变,包括COL6A1、COL6A2、CDAN1、GLI3、FLNB、CHRNG、MYH3、POR、TNXB,突变类型均为错义突变;未发现已报道的5种KFS致病基因(GDF6、MEOX1、GDF3、MYO18B和RIPPLY2)的突变。结论 长节段连续性颈椎融合畸形患者更易表现出短颈畸形、颈椎活动受限及临床三联征的表现,因此在临床中更应引起关注和密切随访。筛选出COL6A、CDAN1等与KFS相关的候选致病突变,扩展了KFS的已知突变谱,为进一步阐明疾病的发病机制提供参考。

Clinical Characteristics and Genetic Analysis of Klippel-Feil Syndrome

Objective To summarize clinical characteristics and investigate possible pathogenic gene of Klippel-Feil syndrome(KFS)by the self-designed multigene panel sequencing,so as to decipher the molecular basis for early diagnosis and targeted therapy.Methods From January 2015 to December 2018,we consecutively recruited 25 patients who were diagnosed with KFS in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.The demographic information,clinical manifestations,physical examination and radiological assessments were analyzed.Multigene panel sequencing was performed after DNA extraction from peripheral blood.The possible pathogenic mutations of KFS were explored on the basis of bioinformatics analysis.Results The KFS cohort consisted of 25 patients,including 15 males and 10 females,with a mean age of(12.9±7.3)years.Limited cervical range of motion was the most common clinical feature(12 cases,48%).Based on the Samartzis classification,the proportion of patients suffered from short neck(P=0.031)and limited cervical range of motion(P=0.026)in type Ⅲ KFS was significantly higher than that in type Ⅱ and type Ⅰ KFS.Panel sequencing detected a total of 11 pathogenic missense mutations in eight patients,including COL6A1,COL6A2,CDAN1,GLI3,FLNB,CHRNG,MYH3,POR,and TNXB.There was no pathogenic mutation found in five reported pathogenic genes(GDF6,MEOX1,GDF3,MYO18B and RIPPLY2)associated with KFS.Conclusions Our study has shown that patients with multiple contiguous cervical fusions are more likely to manifest short neck,limited cervical range of motion,and clinical triad.Therefore,these patients need additional attention and follow-up.Our analysis highlights novel KFS-related genetic variants,such as COL6A and CDAN1,extending the spectrum of known mutations contributing to this syndrome and providing a basis for elucidating the pathogenesis of KFS.