microRNA在气道变应性疾病中的研究进展

microRNAs(miRNAs/miRs)是一类非编码的、作用于mRNAs、对蛋白质翻译起调节功能的小片段RNAs分子,在许多疾病(如变应性疾病、肿瘤及感染等)的发病中起着十分重要的作用。气道变态反应性疾病是以气道变应性炎症反应及高反应性为特征的一组慢性气道炎性疾病。近年研究表明,多种miRNAs参与了气道变应性疾病的一系列病理生理过程,包括炎症细胞浸润、细胞因子分泌、气道高反应性及平滑肌细胞增生和表型变化等。因此,miRNAs有望成为治疗此类疾病的新靶点。本文总结了miRNAs在哮喘和变应性鼻炎中的作用及分子生物学机制。

Roles of microRNAs in Allergic Airway Diseases

The microRNAs(miRNAs/miRs)are a class of short non-coding RNAs regulating protein translation via mRNAs silencing.Studies have shown that microRNAs play critical roles in allergic diseases,tumors,and infections.The allergic airway diseases are characterized by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the respiratory tract.Several miRNAs are found to be involved in a series of pathophysiologic processes in allergic airway diseases including inflammatory cells infiltration,cytokines’ expressions,airway hyperresponsiveness,and proliferation and change in phenotype of smooth muscle cells.Therefore,miRNAs may be new therapeutic targets for these allgeric diseases.This article reviews the roles of miRNAs in asthma and allergic rhinitis and their molecular biological mechanisms.