瑞芬太尼用于术中麻醉

目的比较瑞芬太尼和芬太尼用于术中麻醉的安全性和有效性.方法54例择期行改良乳腺癌根治或全子宫切除术患者随机分为瑞芬太尼和芬太尼组,每组27例.麻醉诱导采用静脉注射丙泊酚(2 mg/kg)和瑞芬太尼(2 μg/kg)或芬太尼(2.5 μg/kg).麻醉维持采用吸入氧化亚氮和氧气(2:1),以及持续静脉泵注瑞芬太尼(0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1)或芬太尼(0.03 μg·kg-1·min-1).观察术中麻醉深度、血流动力学变化、麻醉苏醒、术后镇痛及不良反应等情况.结果在气管插管和麻醉维持期间,瑞芬太尼组麻醉深度不足的病例数明显少于芬太尼组(P＜0.05).在气管插管、切皮、麻醉维持和拔除气管导管期间,瑞芬太尼组患者血流动力学变化幅度显著小于芬太尼组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).两组患者从手术结束到呼之睁眼和拔除气管导管的时间相似.瑞芬太尼组需静脉注射吗啡行术后镇痛的患者数明显多于芬太尼组(P＜0.05).在不良反应方面两组间无显著性差异.结论瑞芬太尼的麻醉和镇痛效果比芬太尼强,可使术中血流动力学更为稳定,同时不影响麻醉恢复.

Remifentanil for intraoperative anesthesia

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of remifentanil with fentanyl used for intraoperative anesthesia. METHODS: Fifty-four patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy or total hysterectomy were randomly assigned to remifentanil group or fentanyl group with 27 cases in each group. Anesthesia was induced with propofol (2 mg/kg) and either remifentanil (2 micrograms/kg) or fentanyl (2.5 micrograms/kg), and was maintained with inhalation of nitrous oxide in oxygen (2:1) and a continuous infusion of either remifentanil (0.2 microgram.kg-1.min-1) or fentanyl (0.03 microgram.kg-1.min-1). Depth of anesthesia, hemodynamic changes, recovery profile of anesthesia, postoperative analgesia and adverse reactions were observed. RESULTS: The number of patients exhibited light depth of anesthesia during tracheal intubation and maintenance in the remifentanil group was significantly fewer than that in the fentanyl group (P < 0.05). Hemodynamic changes during intubation, skin incision, maintenance of anesthesia and extubation in the remifentanil group were significantly smaller than those in the fentanyl group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The time to opening eyes on command and the time for extubation after surgery were comparable between the two groups. More patients in the remifentanil group required bolus injection of morphine for postoperative pain relief than those in the fentanyl group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the aspect of adverse reactions. CONCLUSION: The anesthetic and analgesic effects of remifentanil are more potent than those of fentanyl. Remifentanil can offer superior intraoperative hemodynamic stability compared with fentanyl without compromising recovery from anesthesia.