三聚氰胺对大鼠肾脏的毒性损害

目的观察三聚氰胺对大鼠肾脏的毒性损害。方法实验动物随机分为2组,每组20例,第1组为正常对照组,给予正常维持鼠料20d;第2组为研究组（亚急性损害组）,喂食掺有三聚氰胺的鼠料20d。完成饲养后先做超声检查,观察大鼠肾脏的形态、大小、皮质厚度、实质回声情况及肾内是否有结石形成,然后留取尿液、静脉血做相关检验,最后解剖大鼠,留取双侧肾脏标本,福尔马林浸泡,待病理切片观察。结果正常对照组病理所见、生化结果、超声表现未见异常改变。研究组超声显示,20只大鼠的40个肾脏实质部回声增强,肾内均可见散在多发的细小强回声结石影,较大者位于集合系统内,伴有声影,8个肾脏出现集合系统分离;实验室检查14只大鼠出现结晶尿,其中8只出现三聚氰胺结晶,20只大鼠尿素升高,10只肌酐增高,14只出现二氧化碳结合率降低;研究组有不同程度病理损害,典型表现有肾组织广泛淤血伴灶性出血,肾小管伴有点状坏死及成纤维细胞增生,数个肾小管（以皮质肾小管为多）内可见黄绿色针状扇形排列结晶体,相应肾小管扩张,部分区域间质内可见数个淋巴细胞浸润。结论三聚氰胺可引起大鼠肾脏病理损害,并可导致结石形成,沉积于肾脏,造成肾损害。

Renal failure caused by Melamine in rats

Objective To observe the renal impairment after feeding food containing Melamine.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into two groups：control group and study group （subacute impaired kidney group）,20 rats in each group.Control group were fed with routine food,and study group were fed with food mixed with melamine （2500 mg/kg）.After feeding for 20 d sonogram of rats＇ kidneys were performed,biochemical samples were texted,and eventually rats＇kidneys were taken out for microscopic observation.Results Control group showed no abnormal findings in pathology,biochemics and sonography.In study group all 20 rats showed enhanced echoes of kidney parenchyma with multiple echogenic spots,some with stone shadow.8 kidneys demonstrated hydronephrosis;14 rats had urine crystals,of which 8 had melamine crystal.20 rats had elevated urea value,10 rats had elevated Cr value,and 14 rats had lower CO2 CP value;all rats had various abnormal pathological findings,typical lesions including extensive congestion with focal bleedings in th renal tissue,spoted tubule necrosis with fibroblasts proliferation,some tubules dilated and filled with melamine crystals,several lymphocytes infiltration in some areas of renal parenchyma.Conclusion Melamine can damage rat＇s kidney and forms stones and result in renal failure.