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肿瘤免疫治疗的研究进展
引用本文:魏晓莉.肿瘤免疫治疗的研究进展[J].国际药学研究杂志,2014,41(1):57-62.
作者姓名:魏晓莉
作者单位:魏晓莉 (军事医学科学院毒物药物研究所,北京,100850);
摘    要:与以往的手术、化疗、放疗和靶向治疗不同,肿瘤免疫治疗是一种通过激活人体自身免疫系统来对抗肿瘤的治疗手段。近年来,针对免疫检查点的单抗在抗癌治疗中取得的成绩已成为癌症治疗史上里程碑式的事件,使人们认识到癌症的基因问题不是故事的全部,驱使研究者转而关注免疫治疗。肿瘤免疫治疗有多种治疗策略,包括非特异性免疫刺激剂、肿瘤疫苗、过继性免疫细胞疗法以及单抗治疗。由于肿瘤具有极大的异质性和遗传不稳定性,其发病机制复杂,单独依靠某一种治疗手段难以达到理想的抗肿瘤效果,因此在深入研究不同治疗手段之间相互作用机制的基础上,联合包括肿瘤靶向治疗、细胞毒化合物治疗、以及不同类型免疫治疗的抗肿瘤策略可能是未来的方向。

关 键 词:肿瘤  免疫治疗  肿瘤疫苗  过继性免疫治疗  免疫检查点阻断剂

Cancer immunotherapy: research advances
WEI Xiao-li.Cancer immunotherapy: research advances[J].Foreign Medical Sciences(Section of Pharmarcy),2014,41(1):57-62.
Authors:WEI Xiao-li
Institution:WEI Xiao-li (Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China)
Abstract:Unlike previous surgical excision, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and gene targeted therapy, cancer immunotherapy is aimed at a patient's own immune system to fight cancer. In recent years, monoclonal antibodies against immune checkpoints have created a revolution in clinical oncology, which is an important milestone on the journey of cancer therapy. The success of checkpoint blockades is slowly driving researchers away from the genetic view of cancer to immune-based approaches. Cancer immunotherapy comprises a variety of treatment approaches: non-specific immunostimulatory agents, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfer and monoclonal antibodies. The pathogenesis of tumor is extremely complicated with its heterogenicity and genetic instability, so that a certain kind of treatment may not be able to achieve the ideal therapeutic effect. Thus, combination strategies with gene targeted therapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and different immunotherapies based on a better understanding about the mechanism of interaction among different classes of therapies may be the direction in the future.
Keywords:neoplasmas  immunotherapy  cancer vaccines  adoptive immunotherapy  immune checkpoint blockades
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